Electrons are emitted from the atomic nuclei of radioisotopes, and depending on the type of element, they may also emit positively charged positrons. As they are electrons, the charge of one beta particle is 1.6× 10−19 coulombs (C), and their rest mass is 9.1× 10−28 g for both positive and negative elements. The energy of beta rays is a continuous value down to 0, determined by the type of element, and this constant value is called the maximum energy. For example, the maximum energy of 35S is 0.167 MeV, and for 32P it is 1.71 MeV. When beta rays pass through a substance, they have an ionizing effect. The mass of an electron is only 1/7360 that of an alpha particle, and because it is very light, its speed is close to the speed of light, even though it has the same energy as an alpha particle. Therefore, the ionization density is lower than that of alpha rays, and there is little energy loss. This makes them relatively penetrating, with 32P reaching several meters in the atmosphere. Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition |
放射性同位体元素の原子核から放出される電子であって,元素の種類によっては正の電荷をもった陽電子を放出する場合もある.電子であるからβ粒子1個のもつ電荷の量は1.6×10-19クーロン(C)であり,陰陽いずれの場合もその静止質量は9.1×10-28 g である.β線のもつエネルギーは元素の種類によって決まる一定値以下0までの連続した値であり,この一定値を最大エネルギーという.たとえば,35S の最大エネルギーは0.167 MeV,32P では1.71 MeV である.β線が物質中を通過するときには電離作用がある.電子の質量はα粒子の1/7360にすぎず,非常に軽いため,α粒子と同程度のエネルギーであってもその速度は光速度に近い.したがって,電離密度はα線に比べて低く,エネルギー損失も少ない.このため,透過力は比較的大きく,32P の場合,大気中で数 m にも達する. 出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報 |
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