The Ryukyu Islands are a group of islands that run in an arc from 30 degrees 50 minutes north to 24 degrees north in the ocean south of the Satsuma and Osumi peninsulas of Kagoshima Prefecture. They are also called the Ryukyu Islands. They start in the north with Tanegashima Island and Iojima Island, and end in the southwest with Okinawa Prefecture's Yonaguni Island, Hateruma Island, and Iriomote Island. They make up almost the entirety of Okinawa Prefecture, and the majority of Kagoshima Prefecture's islands. The distance between them is about 1,200 kilometers. The border between the two prefectures is between Yoron Island, which is in the middle, and Okinawa Island. The islands north of this border are called the Satsunan Islands, and the islands south of this border are called the Ryukyu Islands. The former is further divided into thirds from the north into the Osumi Islands, the Tokara Islands, and the Amami Islands, while the latter is sometimes divided into two, the Okinawa Islands and the Sakishima Islands. The main islands of the Osumi Islands are Yakushima and Tanegashima, the Amami Islands are Amami Oshima, Tokunoshima, and Okinoerabujima, the Okinawa Islands are Okinawa Island and Kumejima, and the Sakishima Islands are Iriomote Island, Ishigaki Island, and Miyakojima. The current official name, "Nansei Islands," was not given with any historical significance; it was previously used mainly by the Hydrographic Department of the Japan Coast Guard (now the Marine Information Department), and was decided upon through discussion in 1968. Each island has its own unique topography, geology, and history, but because this area is on the path of the Japan Current (Kuroshio Current), the seawater temperature is high, and with the exception of a few islands in the north, they are worthy of being called coral reef islands. Historically, they also played an important role as "road islands," a passageway for southern and continental cultures. Today, many of them are national or quasi-national parks that focus on the warm climate, subtropical vegetation, and coral reef coastline scenery. [Kimihiko Tsukada] "Nakanishi Susumu (ed.), Southern Mythology and Ancient Japan - Japan in Ancient East Asia (1995, Kadokawa Shoten)" ▽ "Teikoku Shoin Editorial Department, Visiting the Stages of History with Maps - Japan, latest edition (1999, Teikoku Shoin)" ▽ "Ohta Yoko, Exploring Tectonic Topography 1: From Surveys of Marine Terraces and Active Faults in the Japanese Archipelago (1999, Kokin Shoin)" ▽ "Azuma Yoshinobu, Tales and Folklore of Okinawa and Amami (1999, Ohfu)" ▽ "Sumiya Kazuhiko, Kleiner Josef, Reprint Edition of Divine Concepts in the Nansei Islands (1999, Miraisha)" ▽ "Tanigawa Kenichi (ed.), Japan's Gods - Shrines and Sacred Sites 13, Nansei Islands," newly reissued (2000, Hakusuisha)" ▽ "Machida Hiroshi, Ohta Yoko, Kawana Toshio, Moriwaki Hiroshi, Nagaoka Shinji (eds.), Japan's Topography 7 Kyushu and the Nansei Islands (2001, University of Tokyo Press) ▽ Takaaki Sasaki, Japanese Culture from the South, Volumes 1 and 2 (2003, Japan Broadcasting Publishing Association) [Reference items] | | Islands|Iwo Jima| | | | | | | | Current| | |Satsuma Peninsula| | | | | | | | |©Shogakukan Illustration/Shogakukan Creative "> Kyushu and Okinawa region topographical map Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
鹿児島県の薩摩(さつま)・大隅(おおすみ)両半島の南方洋上、北緯30度50分付近から北緯24度付近まで、南西方向に弧状に連なる島々の総称で、琉球列島(りゅうきゅうれっとう)ともよばれている。北は種子島(たねがしま)、硫黄島(いおうじま)などに始まり、南西端は沖縄県与那国島(よなぐにじま)、波照間島(はてるまじま)、西表島(いりおもてじま)などに終わる。沖縄県のほぼ全域をなし、鹿児島県の島嶼(とうしょ)部の大部分を占める。この間の距離は約1200キロメートルに達する。中ほどにある与論島(よろんじま)と沖縄本島の間に両県の県境がある。この県境以北の島々を薩南諸島(さつなんしょとう)、以南の島々を琉球諸島とよんでいる。前者はさらに北部から大隅諸島、吐噶喇(とから)列島、奄美諸島(あまみしょとう)と三分し、後者は沖縄諸島、先島諸島(さきしましょとう)と二分してよぶこともある。 大隅諸島のおもな島には屋久島(やくしま)、種子島が、奄美諸島には奄美大島、徳之島(とくのしま)、沖永良部島(おきのえらぶじま)が、沖縄諸島には沖縄本島、久米島(くめじま)が、先島諸島には西表島、石垣島、宮古島(みやこじま)などがある。現在の正式名称となっている「南西諸島」は歴史的意味があってつけられたものではなく、従来は主として海上保安庁水路部(現、海洋情報部)で用いられたものが1968年(昭和43)に協議決定されたものである。 各島の地形・地質や歴史は、それぞれ個性的であるが、この海域が日本海流(黒潮)の流路にあたるため海水温が高く、北部の若干の島々を除き、サンゴ礁の島々とよぶにふさわしい。また歴史的には南方および大陸文化の通路「道の島」として重要な位置を占めていたことも事実である。現在では、温暖な気候、亜熱帯植生、サンゴ礁海岸の景観などを主眼とする国立公園や国定公園域となっている所が多い。 [塚田公彦] 『中西進編『南方神話と古代の日本――古代東アジアの中の日本』(1995・角川書店)』▽『帝国書院編集部著『地図で訪ねる歴史の舞台――日本』最新版(1999・帝国書院)』▽『太田陽子著『変動地形を探る1 日本列島の海成段丘と活断層の調査から』(1999・古今書院)』▽『東喜望著『沖縄・奄美の説話と伝承』(1999・おうふう)』▽『住谷一彦、クライナー・ヨーゼフ著『南西諸島の神観念』復刻版(1999・未来社)』▽『谷川健一編『日本の神々――神社と聖地13 南西諸島』新装復刊(2000・白水社)』▽『町田洋・太田陽子・河名俊男・森脇広・長岡信治編『日本の地形7 九州・南西諸島』(2001・東京大学出版会)』▽『佐々木高明著『南からの日本文化』上下(2003・日本放送出版協会)』 [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |©Shogakukan 作図/小学館クリエイティブ"> 九州・沖縄地方地勢図 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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