Brno - Brno (English spelling)

Japanese: ブルノ - ぶるの（英語表記）Brno

The central city of southern Moravia in the Czech Republic. Population 379,185 (2001). German name Burünn. The second largest city in the country after the capital Prague. Located at the junction of the Czech Moravian highlands and the lowlands along the Danube River, where the Svratka and Svitava rivers meet, it has been a key transportation hub since ancient times. It is an industrial city with a thriving mechanical, armament, electrical, and traditional textile industry, and an international trade fair is held every year. It is also the cultural center of Moravia, with a university, higher education institutions, research institutes, a symphony orchestra, and other cultural facilities. A castle was built in the 11th century, and it became the capital of the Margraviate of Moravia from the 13th century. In the 18th century, textile manufacture (factory handicrafts) developed, and in the 19th century, it became the center of the textile industry through mechanization, and was called the "Manchester of Moravia." In the 12th and 13th centuries, the town was Germanized by German colonists from the East, but in the 19th century, Czechs came to live as workers during the industrialization process and became the majority. Remains of the town include Spielberg Castle, the Church of St. Peter and Paul, and the Augustinian monastery where geneticist Mendel and composer Janacek lived. The Moravian Karst caves on the northern outskirts of the city are famous.

[Mizuho Nakata]

World Heritage Registration

Architect Mies van der Rohe's 1930 work "Villa Tugendhat" (Tsugendhat Villa, Tugendhat Villa) was registered as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) in 2001 as "Villa Tugendhat in Brno" (World Cultural Heritage).

[Editorial Department]

[References] | Eastern Colonization | Moravia

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

チェコ、モラビア地方南部の中心都市。人口37万9185（2001）。ドイツ語名ブルンBurünn。首都プラハに次ぐ同国第二の都市。チェコモラバ高地とドナウ川沿岸低地の接点、スブラトカ川とスビタバ川の合流点にあり、古くからの交通の要地。機械、兵器、電気工業、伝統ある繊維工業が盛んな工業都市で、毎年国際見本市が開かれる。総合大学や高等教育機関、諸研究所、交響楽団などの文化施設があるモラビアの文化的中心地でもある。11世紀には城が置かれ、13世紀からはモラビア辺境伯領の首都となった。18世紀には織物のマニュファクチュア（工場制手工業）が発展し、19世紀には機械化して繊維工業の中心地となり、「モラビアのマンチェスター」とよばれた。12、13世紀にはドイツ人の東方植民によって町はドイツ化したが、19世紀の工業化の過程でチェコ人が労働者として流入し、多数派となった。スピルベルグ城、聖ペトロ・パベル教会、遺伝学者メンデルや作曲家ヤナーチェクの過ごしたアウグスチン修道院などが残されている。市北郊のモラビア・カルストの鍾乳洞(しょうにゅうどう)は有名である。

［中田瑞穂］