Fridtjof Nansen

Japanese: ナンセン - なんせん(英語表記)Fridtjof Nansen
Fridtjof Nansen

Norwegian Arctic explorer, naturalist, and politician. In 1880, he studied biology at Christiania University (now Oslo). He worked at the Bergen Museum from 1882 to 1887, and in 1888, he obtained his doctorate in animal central nervous system. In the same year, he skied across Greenland. He then planned a scientific survey of the Arctic, and while other explorers were doubtful of their success, he built an expedition ship, the Fram, and set sail in 1893. On the way, he used skis and dogsleds to reach a latitude of 86 degrees 14 minutes north in April 1895, breaking the previous record. He published the records of his expedition in two volumes, The Farthest North (1897), and six volumes, The Norwegian Arctic Expedition, 1893-1896 (1900-1906), which contributed to the development of oceanography. In 1897, he became a professor at Christiania University. While working on marine research and improvements to expedition equipment, he also used his fame abroad to contribute to his country's foreign policy. When Norway gained independence from Sweden in 1905, he appealed to foreign governments and public opinion, working to gain support overseas. He served as the first ambassador to the UK from 1906 to 1908. During World War I, he led a government delegation to the US to combat the shortage of daily necessities, and in 1918 secured an aid agreement with the US government. During the war, he served as chairman of the Norwegian Association of International Peace Organizations, participating in the founding of the League of Nations from the perspective of small countries. He became High Commissioner within the League, and worked hard to repatriate approximately 450,000 prisoners of war, provide refugee and starving relief for Soviet Russia in 1921, and organize a population exchange between Greece and Turkey in 1923. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1922.

[Miho Oshima]

"The Far North: The Fram's Arctic Voyage" by F. Nansen, translated by Ichiro Kano (Chuko Bunko)

[References] | Ocean | Exploration | Refugees | Fram | Arctic

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ノルウェーの北極探検家、博物学者、政治家。1880年クリスティアニア(現オスロ)大学で生物学を学ぶ。1882~1887年ベルゲン博物館に勤め、1888年動物中枢神経に関し博士号を取得。同年、グリーンランドをスキーで横断した。その後、北極の科学調査を計画し、他国の探検家が成功を危ぶむなか、探検船「フラム号」を建造して1893年に出航した。途中スキーと犬ぞりを用い、1895年4月、従来の記録を破る北緯86度14分の地点に到達。その探検記録として、『最北』2巻(1897)、『ノルウェーの北極探検、1893―1896』6巻(1900~1906)を刊行し、海洋学の発展に貢献した。1897年クリスティアニア大学教授。海洋の調査・研究および探検用具の改良に努める一方、外国での知名度を利用して母国の外交政策にも寄与する。スウェーデンからのノルウェー独立(1905)に際しては、諸外国の政府・世論に訴え、海外の支持獲得に努めた。1906~1908年初代駐英大使。第一次世界大戦中、日用品枯渇対策のため政府派遣団を率いて渡米し、1918年アメリカ政府に援助協定を取り付けた。国際連盟の創設には、戦時中からノルウェー国際平和機構協会議長として、小国の側からの参与を行った。連盟内で高等弁務官になり、約45万人の捕虜の本国帰還、1921年ソビエト・ロシアの難民および飢餓救済、1923年ギリシア、トルコの住民交換に尽力した。1922年ノーベル平和賞を受賞した。

[大島美穂]

『F・ナンセン著、加納一郎訳『極北――フラム号北極漂流記』(中公文庫)』

[参照項目] | 海洋 | 探検 | 難民 | フラム号 | 北極

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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