Kinai - Kinai

Japanese: 畿内 - きない

In China, Korea, and Japan, the name of a special district around the capital where the royal castle and imperial palace were located. In Japan, it is also called "Uchitsukuni." A general term for the five provinces of Yamashiro, Yamato, Kawachi, Izumi, and Settsu. The Chinese Kinai system was adopted, and in the Taiho Code of the early 8th century, the four provinces of Owa, Kawachi, Settsu, and Yamashiro were designated as Kinai and made into a special administrative district. There are various theories about when the Kinai system was established. The first appearance of the word Kinai was in the entry for October of the 10th year of Emperor Sujin's reign in the Nihon Shoki, but the first appearance of an article on the Kinai system as a system was in Article 2 of the Taika Reform Edict. The area was set as Yokokawa in Iga Province (Mie Prefecture) in the east, Kushibuchi in Harima Province (Hyogo Prefecture) in the west, Aniyama in Kii Province (Wakayama Prefecture) in the south, and Sasanaminoosakayama in Omi Province (Shiga Prefecture) in the north, but later the area was divided into provinces, and the four Kinai were already established under the Kiyomihara Code. The administrative units of provinces underwent some changes, with the abolition of the two gen (provinces) of Izumi and Yoshino, but in 757 Izumi Province was restored, and the "Five Kinai" were established, and together with the seven roads, the "Five Kinai and Seven Roads" came to refer to the whole country. As a special privilege for Kinai, half of the cho and all of the yo were exempted. In many other respects, the Kinai region was treated as a central advanced region, flourishing for a long time as a political, economic, and cultural center, and after the Meiji period it was incorporated into the prefectures of Kyoto, Nara, Osaka, and Hyogo.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

中国，朝鮮，日本で，王城，皇居などのある首都周辺の特別区域の名。日本では「うちつくに」ともいう。山城，大和，河内，和泉，摂津の5ヵ国の総称。中国の畿内制を取入れ，8世紀初めの『大宝律令』では，大倭，河内，摂津，山背の4ヵ国を畿内とし，特別の行政区域とした。畿内制成立の時期については諸説がある。畿内の文字の初見は『日本書紀』崇神天皇 10年 10月の条であるが，制度としての畿内制に関する記事の初見は，大化改新の詔の第2条である。それには区域を，東は伊賀国 (三重県) の横河，西は播磨国 (兵庫県) の櫛淵，南は紀伊国 (和歌山県) 兄山，北は近江国 (滋賀県) 狭々波合坂山 (ささなみのおうさかやま) 以内としているが，その後国を単位として区域を構成するようになり，浄御原令制下ではすでに四畿内が成立している。その行政単位である国には若干の変動があり，まず和泉，芳野2監 (げん) の廃置があったが，天平宝字1 (757) 年和泉国を復し，「五畿内」が成立，七道と合せ「五畿七道」として全国をさすようになった。畿内に対する特典として，調の半分と庸のすべてが免除された。その他種々の面において，畿内は中央先進地域としての処遇を受け，長く政治，経済，文化の中心として栄え，明治以後は京都，奈良，大阪，兵庫の各府県に編入された。

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