Barn Village - Nayashuuraku

This refers to a row of barns on the coast where boats and fishing gear were stored, which came to be used as homes and eventually formed settlements. They are also found along the Sea of ​​Japan coast, but on the long and vast coast of Kujukurihama, settlements named "hama" (beach) in the north and "naya" (barn) in the south are lined up in a row, and are called barn settlements. On the raised coastal plain of Kujukurihama, the coast has been advancing by about 2 meters each year. During the Edo period, farmers used beach seine nets to catch sardines, and especially towards the end of the period, more than 300 net owners were operating large beach seine nets totaling more than 200 sheets. However, this fishing was subject to good and bad harvests, and the rows of barns built during good catches became rural areas due to the development of new fields in poor catches, and in the next good catches, new rows of barns were built as the coast moved forward. This process was repeated, and today, about five rows of settlements have been formed, including the parent village of Okamura, located at the very back of the coast. Since the Meiji period, beach seine nets have been replaced by reeling nets, which continue to be used to this day, and in the Naya settlement closest to the beach, there are also guesthouses for beachgoers.

[Eiichi Nakata]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

海岸に舟や漁具などを納めて置く納屋列が、住家として使用されるようになり、集落を形成するに至ったものをいう。日本海沿岸にも点在するが、長大な九十九里浜の海岸に、北部では「浜」、南部では「納屋」の名のつく集落が列状に並び、納屋集落といわれる。隆起海岸平野の九十九里浜では、年々2メートル程度の海岸の前進がみられた。江戸時代、浜では農民によりイワシの地引網が行われ、とくに末期に至り200余帖(じょう)の大地引網が300余の網主により営まれていた。しかしこの漁には豊凶があり、豊漁期につくられた納屋列が不漁期には新田開発により農村化し、次の豊漁期には、海岸の前進によりさらに新しい納屋列がつくられた。これを繰り返して現在は、海岸から最奥の、親村である岡村を含むおよそ五列の集落が形成されている。明治以降、地引網にかわり揚繰(あぐり)網が営まれて現在に至り、浜にもっとも近い納屋集落には、海水浴客の民宿もみられる。

［中田榮一］

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例