Standardization - Kikakuka

Japanese: 規格化 - きかくか
Standardization - Kikakuka

This is also called normalization or standardization. It is the procedure of multiplying an appropriate number (called a normalization constant) in an abstract vector space so that the magnitude of a vector (called the norm) becomes 1. In quantum mechanics, the behavior of a single particle is often expressed as a wave function Ψ ( x , y , z , t ), in which case | Ψ ( x , y , z , t ) | 2 dxdydz is proportional to the probability of finding the particle within the infinitesimal region dxdydz at the position ( x , y , z ) at time t . Therefore, the integral of this probability over the entire space is

It is convenient to multiply the wave function by an appropriate number in advance so that the norm is 1, and this procedure is called normalization. Since functions can be regarded as a representation of a vector in an infinite-dimensional space called Hilbert space, even in the general form of quantum mechanics that does not use wave functions, state vectors that represent the behavior of particles are often normalized so that their norm is 1. The same is true in the case of multi-particle systems.

[Koide Shoichiro]

[Reference] | Wave function

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

正規化、規準化ともいう。抽象的なベクトル空間でベクトルの大きさ(ノルムとよぶ)を1にするように適当な数(規格化定数という)を掛ける手続をいう。量子力学では、1個の粒子のふるまいを波動関数Ψ(x,y,z,t)で表すことが多いが、その場合|Ψ(x,y,z,t)|2dxdydzは、時刻tにその粒子を位置(x,y,z)のところの微小領域dxdydz内にみいだす確率に比例する。そこでこの確率を全空間で積分したもの

が1になるように、あらかじめ波動関数に適当な数を掛けておくと便利なので、この手続を規格化という。関数は、ヒルベルト空間とよばれる無限次元空間のベクトルの一つの表現とみなすことができるので、波動関数を使わない量子力学の一般的な形式でも、粒子のふるまいを表す状態ベクトルというものは、ノルムが1になるように規格化することが多い。多粒子系の場合でもまったく同様である。

[小出昭一郎]

[参照項目] | 波動関数

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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