Flow production - Nagaresagyo

Japanese: 流れ作業 - ながれさぎょう
Flow production - Nagaresagyo

It is a work organization in which each task progresses according to a work process with a regular time schedule, and a product is completed while regular processing is performed at each work process. When organizing an assembly line, the premise is that the work content of each process is stable in terms of both technology and quality. In other words, the smaller the variation in time at each process in an assembly line, the more stable the process is, and if this variation is too large, an assembly line cannot be organized. Therefore, assembly lines are organized by repeating the cycle of measurement → variation → improvement, and gradually building a stable assembly line. Assembly lines can be divided into conveyor systems, which are characterized by flowing work, takt systems, which are characterized by joint work, and intermediate forms between these two.

In a flow production system, it is difficult to completely balance the spare capacity between each process due to the constraints of the work conditions. In order to minimize the loss of balance, it is necessary to improve the work method, use jigs and tools, and reduce the time by semi-automation. Generally, techniques for line organization include (1) dividing and combining work (processes), (2) increasing or decreasing the number of people in the organization, (3) enhancing off-line work, and (4) line organization that utilizes individual differences. Furthermore, when organizing a flow production system, it is particularly important to devise ways to connect processes. Depending on the technical stability of the work and the level of production management, the amount of parts and products that are held up between processes, such as on conveyors, changes. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the changes in the amount of stagnation and devise ways to connect processes in a flow production system that take into account pool spaces with buffer functions and labor-saving handling.

[Gen Mitsuo]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

各作業が作業工程に従い、時間的な規則性で進行し、各作業工程で規則的な加工を行いつつ製品を完成させる作業組織をいう。流れ作業を編成するにあたっては、各工程の作業内容が技術的にも品質的にも安定していることが前提となる。すなわち、流れ作業の各工程での時間の変動幅が小さいほど、その工程は安定していることになり、この変動幅が大きすぎると流れ作業は編成できない。したがって、流れ作業の編成は、測定→ばらつき→改善のサイクルを繰り返すことによって、漸次、安定した流れ作業が構築される。流れ作業は流動作業を特徴とするコンベヤー・システム、節動作業を特徴とするタクト・システム、さらにそれらの中間形態に分けられる。

 流れ作業において、各工程間の余力を完全にバランスさせることは、作業条件の制約もあって困難である。バランス・ロスを可能な限り最小にさせるには、作業方法の改善、治工具の活用、半自動化などによる時間短縮などを図るが、ライン編成上のテクニックとしては、〔1〕作業(工程)の分割結合、〔2〕編成人員の増減、〔3〕ライン外作業の充実、〔4〕個人差を活用したライン編成、などが一般に考えられる。さらに流れ作業の編成に際して、工程間つなぎのくふうはとくに重要である。作業の技術的安定や生産管理水準の高低によって、コンベヤーなど、工程間に停滞する部品や製品の量は変化するので、その停滞量の変化を解析し、バッファ的機能をもたせたプール・スペースや、ハンドリングの省力化を加味した流れ作業での工程間つなぎをくふうする必要がある。

[玄 光男]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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