Nagato Tandai

This local organization was established in Nagato Province (Yamaguchi Prefecture) in the late Kamakura period in preparation for the return of the Mongols (Yuan Dynasty). It is also known as the Nagato Suo Tandai or Chugoku Tandai. It began in 1276 (Kenji 2) when Hojo Muneyori was appointed Nagato Shugo, given particularly strong military command authority due to the need for coastal defense. After that, members of the Hojo clan were appointed Nagato Shugo for successive generations, with Kanazawa Sanemasa taking up the post around 1289 (Shoo 2). From the time of Sanemasa, the practice of multiple Suo Shugos began, and this was passed down to Tokinaka, Tokimura, Hirotoki, and Tokinao. In 1296 (Einin 4), the actual administration was transferred to the Chinzei Tandai, but from this time its power became stronger than that of the general shugo of various provinces, and during Tokinaka's tenure in office, the title of Nagato Tandai was established, equivalent to that of the Chinzei Tandai. It was virtually abolished with the fall of the Kamakura Shogunate in 1333 (Ganko 3/Shokei 2). During the Nanboku-cho period, Ashikaga Tadafuyu was briefly known as the Chugoku Tandai in Nagato.

[Junichi Ueda]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

鎌倉後期、蒙古(もうこ)（元(げん)）の再来に備え、長門国（山口県）に設置された地方機関。長門周防(すおう)探題、中国探題とも称する。1276年（建治2）北条宗頼(むねより)が、沿海防備の必要上、とくに強力な軍事指揮権を付与されて長門守護に就任したことに始まる。以後長門守護には北条氏一門が代々就任するが、1289年（正応2）ごろ金沢実政(かねさわさねまさ)が着任している。実政のころより周防守護の兼帯が行われるようになり、以後、時仲、時村、凞時(ひろとき)、時直へと及んだ。実政は1296年（永仁4）鎮西探題(ちんぜいたんだい)へ転じたが、このころからはその権能も諸国一般の守護以上に強大化され、時仲の在職中、鎮西探題に準じ長門探題の称も定着した。1333年（元弘3・正慶2）鎌倉幕府滅亡に際し事実上消滅した。なお、南北朝期、足利直冬(あしかがただふゆ)が長門で一時中国探題とよばれたこともある。

［上田純一］

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