A lattice point where an atom in a crystal is no longer in a position where it should be. A type of lattice defect. Affects electrical conduction, diffusion, etc. In thermal equilibrium, a certain number of vacancies exists that is determined by the temperature, and the higher the temperature, the more there are. Excess vacancies are introduced by the movement of dislocations during quenching or plastic deformation, or by radiation exposure. Excess vacancies can gather together to become vacancies, or collapse to become dislocation rings. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
結晶の中の原子が,存在すべき位置から抜けて空になった格子点。格子欠陥の1種。電気伝導,拡散などに影響を与える。熱平衡では温度で定まる一定量の空格子点が存在し,温度が高いほど多い。焼入れや塑性変形における転位の運動や放射線照射などによって空格子点は余分に導入される。過剰の空格子点は集って空孔となったり,それがつぶれて転位の環になったりする。
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