Trencher - Trencher (English spelling)

Japanese: トレンチャー - とれんちゃー(英語表記)trencher
Trencher - Trencher (English spelling)

A general term for machines used in agriculture and the construction industry to excavate narrow, relatively deep trenches. They are classified as follows based on their structure, and each type can be self-propelled or mounted on a tractor.

(1) Ladder chain type: Digging claws are attached to a chain, and a trench is dug as it rotates. In agriculture, it is mainly used for digging up burdock and Chinese yam. The digging width is 11 to 46 centimeters (depending on the replacement of the digging claws), and the digging depth is up to 1.3 meters.

(2) Bucket chain type: Instead of the digging claws of the ladder chain, a bucket is attached to scoop up the soil, and it is used to dig trenches in soft ground. The digging width is up to 20 centimeters, and the digging depth is up to 1.5 meters.

(3) Auger type: A vertical rotating shaft (auger) with claws arranged in a spiral shape is placed in the ground and moved while rotating to dig a trench with an inverted trapezoidal cross section. The maximum digging depth is one meter.

(4) Rotary type: A disk with a diameter of 25 centimeters to 1 meter is attached with claws around the circumference and rotated to dig a trench. The digging width is 16 to 20 centimeters, and the digging depth is 60 centimeters to 1.2 meters.

In agriculture, they are used to dig up root vegetables, dig trenches for culvert drainage in rice paddies, dig deep fertilizer trenches in orchards and tea fields, deep plowing (turning over) in vinyl greenhouses, etc. In construction, they are used for water supply and sewerage construction, digging trenches for building foundations, etc., and generally chain-type machines are widely used.

[Shigeru Yagi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

幅の狭い、比較的深い溝を掘削する機械の総称で、農業や建設業で用いる。構造から次のように分類され、それぞれに自走式とトラクター搭載式のものがある。

(1)ラダーチェーン式 チェーンに掘削用の爪(つめ)を取り付け、回転させながら溝を掘る。農業では、主としてゴボウやナガイモの掘り取りなどに用いる。掘削幅は11~46センチメートル(掘削爪の交換による)、掘削深さは最大1.3メートル。

(2)バケットチェーン式 ラダーチェーンの掘削爪のかわりにバケットとよばれる容器を取り付けて土をすくい上げるもので、柔軟地の溝掘りに利用される。掘削幅は最大20センチメートル、掘削深さは最大1.5メートル。

(3)オーガー式 爪を螺線(らせん)状に配置した垂直回転軸(オーガー)を土中に位置させ、回転させながら移動することによって、断面が逆台形状の溝を掘る。掘削深さは最大1メートル。

(4)ロータリー式 直径25センチメートル~1メートルの円盤の周囲に爪を付け、回転させて溝を掘る。掘削幅は16~20センチメートル、掘削深さは60センチメートル~1.2メートル。

 農業では根菜類の掘り取り、水田の暗渠(あんきょ)排水用の溝掘り、果樹園や茶園での深層施肥溝掘り、ビニルハウス内の深耕(天地返し)などに利用される。建設工事での利用は、上下水道工事、建築基礎の溝掘りなどで、一般にチェーン式の機械が多用されている。

[八木 茂]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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