…It is confirmed by documents that religious plays were performed in churches in the Middle Ages, but indigenous theater ceased for a long time after that, and only British touring theater companies performed popular works from London in Dublin. It can be said that theater in Ireland began with the establishment of the Irish Literary Theatre in 1899 with the cooperation of Yeats and Mrs. Gregory. The movement, which gathered comrades with the goal of seeking subject matter not from commercial or naturalistic theater in Britain or Europe, but from the myths, folk traditions, and social reality of the mother country, while excluding political partisanship and raising awareness of true national culture, developed into the Irish National Theatre Society in 1903, and in 1904, with the support of Miss Horniman, the Abbey Theatre, the base theater, was built in Dublin. … From [Irish Literature]…In the midst of this tension, Yeats and others tried to avoid narrow-minded exclusivism and political propaganda, and tried to maintain the artistic quality of their works, and also tried to connect with the general public by embarking on theatrical activities. In 1899, Yeats founded the Irish Literary Theatre, and entered into a full-fledged theatrical movement. In the early days, in addition to Yeats' folk tale plays, plays by Edward Martin and George Moore influenced by Ibsen, and Hyde's plays written in Gaelic were performed, and the movement's direction was not necessarily clear. However, in 1902, the Fay brothers organized a company of Irish amateur actors, and the following year it was reorganized into the Irish National Theatre Association, and Yeats, Mrs. Gregory, and Synge joined, producing one excellent work after another. … From Yates…In 1889, he published his first collection of poems, “The Wanderings of Athene,” which was filled with a longing for the unreal, characteristic of Celtic culture. In 1899, in collaboration with his patron, Mrs. Gregory, he founded the Irish Literary Theatre (later the Irish National Theatre Association). His contact with social reality through the management of its home theater, the Abbey Theatre, combined with his plays based on Irish legends, such as “Kathleen Ni Houlihan” (premiered in 1902), helped him to mature as a poet. … *Some of the terms used to refer to the Irish Literary Theatre are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…中世に教会で演じられた宗教劇があったことは,文献的に確認されているが,その後久しく土着の演劇は途絶え,もっぱらイギリスの巡業劇団がロンドンの評判作をダブリンで上演するだけだった。1899年,イェーツとグレゴリー夫人の協力によるアイルランド文芸劇場Irish Literary Theatreの設立から,この国の演劇は始まると考えてよい。イギリスやヨーロッパの商業的あるいは自然主義的演劇の模倣ではなく,祖国の神話,民俗的伝統,また社会的現実に題材を求めること,ただし政治的党派性を排して,真の民族的文化の自覚を高めること――このような目標をかかげて同志を集めた運動は,1903年アイルランド国民劇場協会Irish National Theatre Societyへと発展し,04年にはホーニマン女史の援助でダブリンに拠点劇場アベー座が建てられた。… 【アイルランド文学】より…イェーツらはこういう緊張関係のなかで,偏狭な排他主義や政治宣伝に陥ることをさけて,作品の芸術性を維持しようと努め,また演劇活動に踏みきることによって一般民衆と結びつこうとした。 1899年,イェーツはアイルランド文芸劇場を設立して,本格的な演劇運動に入る。初期にあっては,イェーツの民話劇のほかに,イプセンの影響を受けたエドワード・マーティンやジョージ・ムーアの劇や,ゲール語で書かれたハイドの劇が上演されるなど,運動の方針は必ずしも定まらなかったが,1902年フェイ兄弟の組織するアイルランド素人俳優の劇団を得,翌年アイルランド国民劇場協会に改組,イェーツ,グレゴリー夫人,シングが加わり,優れた作品を次々に生み出した。… 【イェーツ】より…1889年,ケルト文化特有の非現実への憧れにみちた処女詩集《アシーンの放浪》を出版。良きパトロンのグレゴリー夫人と語らって,99年アイルランド文芸劇場(のちにアイルランド国民劇場協会)を設立。その本拠アベー座の運営による社会的現実との接触は,《キャスリーン・ニ・フーリハン》(1902初演)をはじめとするアイルランド伝説に題材を得た劇作とあいまって,詩人としての成熟をも促した。… ※「アイルランド文芸劇場」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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