Zenmui

A monk translator from India. His Sanskrit name is Śubhākarasiha (transliterated as Yubakara). He was the king of the central Indian kingdom of Magada, but after his brothers rebelled and he was injured during the campaign, he became a monk and studied esoteric Buddhism under Dharmagupta at the Nalanda Temple. According to the 14th volume of the "New Jodo Shinjōshakukyōroku," he was a disciple of the Bodhisattva Longchi and a fellow disciple of Tripitaka Vajrapani. He arrived in Chang'an in 716 (4th year of the Kaiyuan era) from Central Asia with the Bonkyō (original Sanskrit text) at the command of his teacher. He was welcomed by Xuanzong as the national teacher and lived in the Nanto-in temple of Kofuku-ji Temple, but in 724 he moved to Daifuku-senji Temple in Luoyang, where he translated the seven volumes of the Mahavairocana Sutra with the help of a group of disciples, thus contributing to the establishment of esoteric Buddhism in China. At that time, the group who were present at the translation site wrote down and compiled Shanwuwei's lectures on the Mahavairocana Sutra, which became the annotated translation, Mahavairocana Sutra Commentary. He died in the 23rd year of the Kaiyuan era, at the age of 99. His translations totaled 25 volumes and 45 volumes.

[Izumi Onozuka December 12, 2016]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

インド出身の翻訳僧。サンスクリット名シュバカラシンハŚubhākarasiha（輸波迦羅(ゆばから)と音写）。中インド摩伽陀(マカダ)国の王であったが、兄たちの反乱と、その征伐の際の負傷により仏門に入り、那蘭陀(ナーランダ)寺で達摩掬多(だるまきくた)（ダルマグプタDharmagupta）に密教を学んだ。『貞元新定釈経録(じょうげんしんじょうしゃくきょうろく)』巻14によれば、龍智菩薩(りゅうちぼさつ)の弟子、金剛智(こんごうち)三蔵の同門とある。師の命により梵夾(ぼんきょう)（サンスクリット原典）を持って中央アジアから716年（開元4）長安に達した。玄宗により国師として迎えられ、興福寺南塔院に住んだが、724年洛陽(らくよう)の大福先寺に移って、弟子の一行(いちぎょう)の協力を得て『大日経(だいにちきょう)』7巻を翻訳し、中国密教の確立に貢献した。なお、その際、訳場に列した一行が善無畏の『大日経』の講義を記しまとめたものが注訳書『大日経疏(だいにちきょうしょ)』である。開元23年、99歳で死去。訳書は25部45巻に及ぶ。

［小野塚幾澄　2016年12月12日］

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