British mechanical engineer. Born the son of a mine superintendent in Cornwall. In 1790, he became an engineer at a tin mine in Cornwall, and in 1797, he built the first high-pressure double-acting steam engine, which he used to hoist ore. In 1801, he successfully test-ran a steam-engine-powered vehicle on the road, and in 1804, he experimented with a steam locomotive running on cast-iron rails (the Penydaran tramway). However, the rails at the time could not withstand the weight of the locomotive, and he gave up on long-term operation. This locomotive is considered to be the first steam locomotive for railways, and in England he is called the "father of the steam locomotive." He also built a high-pressure beam engine for pumping water (1812), a plunger-pole engine (patented in 1815), and agricultural engines for threshing and milling, but he remained poor throughout his life. His grandson, R. F. Trevithick, Richard Francis Trevithick (1845-1913), was appointed as a steam inspector in 1888 (Meiji 21), and produced Japan's first domestically produced steam locomotive, the 860 class, at the Government Railway's Kobe Works in 1893, making a great contribution to the training of Japanese engineers. His younger brother, F. H. Trevithick, Francis Henry Trevithick (1850-1931), came to Japan earlier than his brother in 1876, became a steam inspector in 1889, and in 1893 was in charge of the test run of the Abt type locomotive on the Shinetsu Line between Yokokawa and Karuizawa, which opened in the same year. [Shoji Matsuzawa] [Reference] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
イギリスの機械技術者。コーンウォールの鉱山監督の子として生まれる。1790年、コーンウォールの錫(すず)鉱山の技師となり、1797年に高圧複動蒸気機関を初めてつくり、鉱石の巻き上げ装置に利用した。1801年には蒸気機関を動力とした車両の路上での試運転に成功し、さらに1804年、鋳鉄製のレール(ペニーダーラン軌道Penydaran tramway)上を走る蒸気機関車の実験を行った。しかし当時のレールは機関車の重量に耐えられず、長期的な運転は断念した。この機関車は最初の鉄道用蒸気機関車とされ、イギリスでは彼を「蒸気機関車の父」とよんでいる。さらに、揚水用高圧ビーム機関(1812)、プランジャー・ポール機関(1815年特許)や、脱穀・製粉などの農業用の機関を製作したが、生涯貧しかった。 なお、孫のR・F・トレビシックRichard Francis Trevithick(1845―1913)は、1888年(明治21)に汽車監察方として着任、官鉄神戸工場にて日本最初の国産蒸気機関車860形を製造(1893)したのをはじめ、日本の技師養成に功績を残している。また、その弟のF・H・トレビシックFrancis Henry Trevithick(1850―1931)は兄より早く1876年来日、1889年汽車監督となり、1893年には信越線横川―軽井沢間のアプト式機関車の試運転を担当、同年に開通させている。 [松澤正二] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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