American Revolution

...During this time, attempts were made to find a solution, but hardliners on both the home and colonial sides gradually came to dominate. Finally, in April 1775, British regular troops clashed with colonial militias near Boston (Battles of Concord and Lexington), which led to the outbreak of what would become the American Revolutionary War. The Continental Congress appointed George Washington as commander-in-chief of the colonial armies and organized the Continental Army as a regular army for the entire United States, separate from the soldiers of each colony.
[Constitutional Debate]
The colonies tried to justify their anti-British struggle by citing the British Constitution, but this shows the "conservative" stance of the American Revolution, and is notable for the fact that the arguments developed there were later institutionalized in the constitutions of various states and the United States. Initially, they strictly interpreted the principle of the British Constitution, "no taxation without representation," and argued that because the colonists did not send representatives to the British Parliament, the British Parliament could not tax the colonies.

*Some of the terms mentioned in the "American Revolution" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…その間和解の方途も求められたが，本国，植民地側とも強硬派がしだいに支配的になり，ついに75年4月にはボストン近郊で，イギリス正規軍と植民地民兵とが衝突(コンコード，レキシントンの戦)，のちの独立戦争の勃発となり，大陸会議はジョージ･ワシントンを植民地軍の総司令官に任命，各植民地兵と別に全アメリカを通じての正規軍として大陸軍を編成した。
［憲法論争］
　植民地側はこの反英抗争をイギリス憲法論により正当化しようとしたが，そこにアメリカ革命の〈保守〉的姿勢がみられるとともに，そこで展開される論点が後の諸邦憲法，合衆国憲法によって制度化されるという点で注目に値する。当初は，〈代表なければ課税なし〉のイギリス憲法の原則を厳密に解し，植民地人はイギリス議会に代表を送っていないゆえに本国議会は植民地に課税しえないとした。…

※「アメリカ革命」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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