A designated area of South Africa (mainly Xhosa-speaking) inhabited by black people (→Xhosa) that existed as a republic until 1994. It was a Bantustan (homeland). It was never internationally recognized. It occupied the area between the Drakensberg Mountains and the Indian Ocean, bounded in the north by KwaZulu-Natal and Lesotho, and in the south by the Great Kei River. Transkei means "beyond the Kei River". Its centre is Umtata. In the first half of the 19th century it was the home of Bantu-speaking peoples, but by 1894 it was all annexed by the British Cape Colony. In 1959 it was given nominal self-government under the Bantu Self-Government Promotion Act, and in 1963 it became the first autonomous Bantustan. In October 1976 it became an independent republic under the South African apartheid system. Most of Transkei is a savanna plateau, with narrow, deep valleys carved by rivers originating from the Drakensberg Mountains, and little arable land. Livestock farming is the main industry, but due to overpopulation, many people migrate to big cities to work. Other similar regions that existed as independent republics in South Africa include Bophuthatswana, Venda, and Ciskei, and together with Transkei they are referred to as TBVC. In 1994, under the South African Constitution that abolished apartheid, Transkei was returned to South Africa and became part of the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
1994年まで南アフリカ共和国において共和国として存在した,おもにコーサ語を話す黒人(→コーサ族)の指定居住地域。バンツースタン(ホームランド)の一つ。国際的に承認されることはなかった。南アフリカのドラケンスベルク山脈とインド洋に挟まれた地域を占め,北はクワズールー・ナタール州とレソト,南はグレート・ケイ川でかぎられた。トランスケイは「ケイ川の向こう側」の意。中心地はウムタータ。19世紀前半にはバンツー語系諸族の地であったが,1894年までにすべてイギリス領ケープ植民地に併合された。1959年,バンツー自治促進法に基づいて名目上の自治を与えられたのち,1963年に最初の自治区バンツースタンとなった。1976年10月,南アフリカ政府のアパルトヘイト制度のもとで独立共和国となった。トランスケイの大部分はサバナの高原で,ドラケンスベルク山脈に発する諸河川が狭く深い谷を刻み,耕地は少ない。牧畜が主産業だが,人口過剰のため大都市へ出稼ぎに出る者が多い。南アフリカで独立共和国として存在した同種の地域として,ほかにボプタツワナ,ベンダ,シスケイがあり,トランスケイとあわせて TBVCと略称された。1994年アパルトヘイトを廃止した南アフリカの憲法のもとで南アフリカへ復帰し,東ケープ州とクワズールー・ナタール州の一部となった。
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