Honmoku

A district in the eastern part of Naka Ward, Yokohama City. Plateaus such as Negishidai and Midorigaoka stretch from east to west in the center, and most of the waterfront area is reclaimed land. When Perry's warships arrived off the coast of Kanagawa in 1854 (Ansei 1), a lookout post was built on the plateau of Hachioji-hana Juunishiten and a jin'ya (camp) was built on the coast as part of the defense of Edo Bay. Sankeien Garden was built in the former Minotani area by businessman Hara Tomitaro (opened in 1906), and various ancient buildings were moved there from Kyoto and other places. In 1911 (Meiji 44), the Yokohama Electric Railroad (formerly the city tram) was opened, Hanayashiki was built, and Honmoku became a leisure destination, and in the summer it became a bustling beach resort. After World War II, it became the largest area requisitioned by the U.S. military in the city, and was designated as a house area. The sea surface was also reclaimed on a large scale as part of the Negishi Bay Development Area, and many petrochemical and other factories were established in addition to Honmoku Wharf, and Honmoku City Park was also established. In 1989 (Heisei 1), the Yokohama Bay Bridge was built between Honmoku Wharf and Daikoku Wharf in Tsurumi Ward on the opposite bank. Negishidai was originally known for its dairy farm and horse racing track, but is now Negishi Forest Park.

[Yukio Asaka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

横浜市中区東部の一地区。ほぼ中央に東西方向に根岸台、緑ヶ丘などの台地が広がり、臨海部はほとんどが埋立地である。1854年（安政1）にペリーの率いる軍艦が神奈川沖に来泊した際、江戸湾防衛の一環としてここの八王子鼻十二支天(じゅうにしてん)の台地に見張番所が、海岸に陣屋が建てられた。旧三之谷に実業家原富太郎によって三渓園(さんけいえん)がつくられ（1906年開園）、京都その他から諸古建築が移築された。1911年（明治44）には横浜電気鉄道（旧、市電）が開通、花屋敷もできて本牧は行楽地となり、夏は海水浴場としてにぎわった。第二次世界大戦後は市内最大の米軍接収地域、そしてハウス地域とされていた。また海面は根岸湾開発地域の一環として大規模に埋め立てられ、本牧埠頭(ふとう)のほか石油化学などの工場進出が多く、本牧市民公園も設けられている。1989年（平成1）に本牧埠頭と対岸の鶴見(つるみ)区大黒(だいこく)埠頭の間に横浜ベイブリッジが架けられた。根岸台はもと牧場（乳牛）、競馬場で知られていたが、現在は根岸森林公園となっている。

［浅香幸雄］

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