Dock - Dock (English spelling)

Japanese: ドック - どっく(英語表記)dock
Dock - Dock (English spelling)

A facility built for building or repairing ships. There are dry docks and floating docks. A dry dock is a rectangular pool made of concrete or stone, with its short sides open to the sea and a door boat attached to close it off. Keel blocks for the ship are lined up in a row on the center line of the bottom. Keel blocks are pieces of wood about 30 cm square, stacked parallel to the side of the dock to a height of about 1.5 meters, and lined up at intervals of about 1 meter along the length. In addition to the center line, several rows of blocks are also installed on both sides. To dock a ship, it is first guided to the entrance by a tugboat or similar, and then pulled in by a winch. After pulling the door boat close to the entrance of the dock, the water inside is drained, and the door boat fits tightly against the entrance to prevent seawater from entering and the drainage continues. When the bottom of the ship rests on the blocks, the hull is supported by struts between the hull and the side wall of the dock.

The floating dock is a box-shaped floating structure made of steel plates with a concave cross-section, with hollow sides and a hollow bottom. Water is poured into it to sink the whole structure, and then the ship is pulled into the hollow and the water is drained away, causing the floating dock to float up with the ship still on board.

A dry dock is a type of building dock. If a ship is built in the dock, it can be floated simply by filling it with water, and there is no need for the launching process that is required when building on a normal slipway. This type of dry dock is used for the construction of very large ships.

[Morita Tomoharu]

The principle of floating docks
©Takashi Aoki

The principle of floating docks


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

船を建造または修理するために構築された施設。乾ドックと浮きドックがある。乾ドックはコンクリートまたは石でつくられた長方形のプール状で、その短辺は海に通じており、閉め切るための扉船が付属している。底部の中心線上に船を据え付けるキール盤木を一列に並べる。キール盤木は30センチメートル角ぐらいの木材で、ドックの横方向に平行に高さ1.5メートルぐらいに積み上げ、長さ方向に1メートル前後の間隔で並べる。盤木は中心線のほか左右両側にも数条設けられる。船をドックに入れるにはまず引き船などで入口まで導き、ウィンチで引き込む。扉船をドックの入口近くまで引き寄せてから中の水を排水すれば、扉船が入口に密着して海水の浸入を防ぎ排水が続行される。船底が盤木にのるころに、船体とドックの側壁との間に支柱を挟んで船体を支持する。

 浮きドックは断面を凹型にした鋼板製の箱型浮体で、側壁と底部は中空になっている。ここに注水して全体を沈下させ、船をくぼんだところへ引き入れてから排水すれば、浮きドックは船をのせたまま浮かび上がる。

 乾ドックの一種に建造ドックがある。ドックの中で船を建造すれば、注水するだけで船を浮かべることができ、普通の船台で建造する場合の進水作業が必要ないので、超大型船の建造にはこの建造ドックが用いられる。

[森田知治]

浮きドックの原理
©青木 隆">

浮きドックの原理


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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