Tokushima Domain

A clan that held both Awa (Tokushima Prefecture) and Awaji (Hyogo Prefecture). Tozama (outsider). The clan lord was the Hachisuka clan. At the end of the Sengoku period, Awa was held by Chosokabe Motochika of Tosa, but in 1585 (Tensho 13) when Toyotomi Hideyoshi invaded Shikoku, Motochika retreated to Tosa, and Hachisuka Iemasa was given 180,000 koku of land from Tatsuno in Banshu. After the Battle of Sekigahara, Iemasa returned the territory to Toyotomi Hideyori, but his eldest son Yoshishige joined the Eastern Army, so after the war he was given possession of Awa Province again. Furthermore, in 1615 (Genwa 1), he was awarded an additional 70,000 koku in Awaji Province for his military achievements in the Summer Siege of Osaka, and the Tokushima Domain was established with a land area of ​​250,000 koku. After that, he ruled over both provinces for about 270 years, through 14 generations of Tadateru, Mitsutaka, Tsunamichi, Tsunanori, Munekazu, Muneteru, Muneshige, Yoshihiro, Shigeyoshi, Haruaki, Narimasa, Narihiro, and Mochiaki, until the Meiji Restoration.

Immediately after entering the domain, the founder, Kasane, made Ichinomiya Castle his residence, but he immediately built Tokushima Castle on the Yoshino River delta and moved his residence to Tokushima the following year. The first lord, Shichin, established the "23 Articles of Inscription on Walls" in 1618 after Awaji was granted additional land, which became the foundational law for the management of the domain thereafter. After that, until Tadahide and Mitsutaka, the domain was managed by the lord's direct punishment, but from the time of the fourth lord, Tsunamichi, the domain was managed by the elder retainers. Around 1685 (Jokyo 2), the development of Tokushima castle town was completed, and it is recorded that it had more than 93 towns and a townsperson population of 25,590. Awa indigo, produced in the Yoshino River basin, was the domain's largest domestic product, with markets throughout the country, and at its peak in 1804 (Bunka 1), it produced 276,000 bales, greatly supporting the domain's economy. Other products that are well known include high-quality Muya salt, Awa Wasanbon sugar from the Kamiita region, and Awa shredded tobacco from Kamigori.

In 1791 (Kansei 3) during the reign of the 11th lord, Haruaki, the domain school Terashima Gakumonsho was established in the castle town, which was later renamed Chokyukan and taught the children of domain samurai both literary and military arts. In 1795, the Medical School was opened, and in 1865 (Keio 1), a Western-style school was opened, allowing commoners to attend and providing a foundation for producing excellent doctors. In 1869 (Meiji 2), the domain was returned to the Emperor, and in 1871 it became Tokushima Prefecture, which was renamed Myodo Prefecture, but in 1876 it was merged with Kochi Prefecture, and in 1880 it was separated from Kochi Prefecture and re-established as Tokushima Prefecture.

[Akio Miyoshi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

阿波(あわ)（徳島県）と淡路(あわじ)（兵庫県）の両国を領有した藩。外様(とざま)。藩主は蜂須賀(はちすか)氏。戦国末期の阿波は土佐の長宗我部元親(ちょうそがべもとちか)に領有されていたが、1585年（天正13）豊臣(とよとみ)秀吉の四国征伐で元親が土佐に退いたあと、蜂須賀家政(いえまさ)が播州龍野(ばんしゅうたつの)から18万石で入封し、関ヶ原の戦いで家政は豊臣秀頼(ひでより)に領国を返上したが、嫡子至鎮(よししげ)は東軍に加わったため戦後改めて阿波国を領有することになった。さらに1615年（元和1）大坂夏の陣の戦功で淡路国7万石が加増され、25万石の徳島藩が確立した。その後は忠英(ただてる)、光隆(みつたか)、綱通(つなみち)、綱矩(つなのり)、宗員(むねかず)、宗英(むねてる)、宗鎮(むねしげ)、至央(よしひろ)、重喜(しげよし)、治昭(はるあき)、斉昌(なりまさ)、斉裕(なりひろ)、茂韶(もちあき)と14代約270年を経て明治維新まで両国に君臨した。

　藩祖家政は入部直後に一宮(いちのみや)城を居城としたが、ただちに吉野川三角州上に徳島城を築造し、翌年に居城を徳島に移した。初代至鎮は淡路加増後の1618年に「御壁書二十三箇条」を制定し、以後の領国経営の祖法となった。そのあと忠英と光隆までは藩主による直仕置(じきしおき)で藩政が運用されたが、4代綱通のときから家老によって領国経営がなされた。1685年（貞享2）のころに徳島城下町が整備を終わり、93町余、町人人口2万5590人と記録されている。吉野川流域に産する阿波藍(あい)は、藩最大の国産品で全国に市場をもち、1804年（文化1）のピーク時には27万6000俵を産出し、藩経済を大きく支えていた。そのほかに良質の撫養(むや)塩と上板(かみいた)地方の阿波和三盆(わさんぼん)糖、上郡(かみごおり)の阿波刻煙草(きざみたばこ)なども知られている。

　11代治昭の1791年（寛政3）、城下に藩校の寺島学問所が設置され、のち長久館と改称し藩士の子弟に文武を学ばせた。また1795年に医師学問所、1865年（慶応1）に洋学校が開校し、庶民の入学も許し優れた医師を輩出する基盤となった。1869年（明治2）版籍奉還を経て71年に徳島県となり、名東(みょうどう)県と改称されたが、76年に高知県に併合され、さらに80年に高知県から分離し徳島県が再置された。

［三好昭一郎］

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