Special effects - Tokusatsu

Japanese: 特撮 - とくさつ
Special effects - Tokusatsu
Abbreviation for special photographic effects. A technique for creating images that cannot be obtained by normal filming. In recent years, it is also called SFX, a coined term derived from the colloquial pronunciation of special effects. It has been used since the early days of film, such as in Méliès's A Trip to the Moon (1902), but the first full-scale work in special effects is considered to be the western film The Great Train Robbery (1903), which is called the first classic of American film. In terms of the work involved, it is broadly divided into optical work on the filming side using optical compositing devices, and physical work on the subject side, such as the use of miniature models, and many works have been produced, such as King Kong (1933). In Japan, Eiji Tsuburaya has attempted a similar technique since the 1930s, and has achieved success in the Pearl Harbor attack scene in The Battle of Hawaii and Malaya (1942) and monster movies such as Godzilla (1954). Since the late 1970s, meticulous compositing has been performed using computer technology, starting with director Lucas's Star Wars (1977), and the special effects studio Industrial Light & Magic, founded by Lucas, is particularly known for its advanced technology.
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Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:
特殊撮影効果special photographic effectsの略称。通常の撮影法では得られない映像を作り出す技法のこと。近年ではSFXとも呼ばれるが,これはスペシャル・エフェクツspecial effectsの口語発音から生まれた造語である。メリエスの《月世界旅行》(1902年)など映画草創期から行われてきたが,〈米国映画の最初の古典〉と称される西部劇《大列車強盗》(1903年)が特撮においても最初の本格的作品とされる。作業的には光学合成装置などによる撮影側の光学的作業と,ミニチュア・モデルの使用など被写体側の物理的作業に大別され,《キング・コング》(1933年)など数多くの作品が制作された。日本でも1930年代より円谷英二によって同様の試みが行われ,《ハワイ・マレー沖海戦》(1942年)の真珠湾攻撃の場面や,《ゴジラ》(1954年)などの怪獣映画で成果を収めた。1970年代後半以降は,ルーカス監督の《スター・ウォーズ》(1977年)をはじめとしてコンピューター技術の使用による緻密な合成が行われており,なかでも同監督が設立したSFX工房インダストリアル・ライト・アンド・マジックは高度な技術によって知られる。
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