Social Democratic Party

Japanese: 社会大衆党 - しゃかいたいしゅうとう

A Japanese political party. Founded on July 24, 1932, by the merger of the National Labor-Farmer Masses Party and the Social Democratic Party. Abe Isoo became chairman and Aso Hisashi became secretary-general. Taking advantage of the political and social turmoil in the country after the Manchurian Incident, the party aimed to create a third force against the old political forces and the military. With slogans such as "overthrowing capitalism" and "liberation of the proletariat," the party promoted movements such as opposition to military inflation and relief for rural areas, and expanded its influence as the only legal proletarian party. The Aso faction became the mainstream, and after the so-called Army Pamphlet Incident in 1933, the party approached the military, embarked on pro-military activities, announced a "Construction Policy for Japan at a Time of Transition," and strengthened its color as a national party. When the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out, the party advocated "cooperation in a holy war," and expelled those involved in the People's Front Incident. In 1937, the party adopted a new platform based on the "true meaning of the national polity," and in 1938, while cooperating with the national mobilization system, it strengthened its support for totalitarianism. In 1939, they attempted to merge with the Tohokai but failed, and the conflict between the former Social Democratic Party led by Abe and the former Zenro Party led by Aso deepened, and in 1940, they expelled eight former Social Democratic Party members, including Abe, Katayama Satoshi, and Nishio Suehiro, who opposed the expulsion of Saito Takao over his anti-military speech. The mainstream of the former Zenro Party, including Aso, actively supported Konoe Fumimaro's New Order Movement, and dissolved on July 6, 1940, ahead of the other parties, in order to join the new party.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

日本の政党。 1932年7月 24日に全国労農大衆党と社会民衆党が合同して結成。安部磯雄が委員長，麻生久が書記長となった。満州事変以後，政治的，社会的に国内が動揺していたのに乗じて，旧政治勢力，軍部に対する第三勢力をつくることを目指した。「資本主義の打破」「無産階級の解放」などをスローガンに掲げ，軍需インフレ反対，農村救済などの運動を推進し，唯一の合法無産政党として勢力を拡大した。麻生派が主流派となり，33年のいわゆる陸軍パンフレット事件以後，軍に接近し，親軍工作に踏切り，「転換期日本の建設政策」を発表して，国民政党の色彩を強めた。日中戦争が起ると「聖戦協力」を唱え，また，人民戦線事件では関係者を除名。 37年「国体の本義」に基づく新綱領を採択し，38年，国家総動員体制に協力しつつ，全体主義への支持を強めた。 39年に東方会と合同を試みたが失敗し，安部が率いる旧社民系と，麻生の旧全労系の対立が深まり，40年斎藤隆夫の反軍演説をめぐって除名に反対した安部，片山哲，西尾末広ら旧社民系8人を除名した。麻生をはじめ旧全労系の主流派は近衛文麿の新体制運動を積極的に支持し，新党に参加するために 40年7月6日他の党にさきがけて解散した。

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