Magnetic permeability

Japanese: 透磁率 - とうじりつ
Magnetic permeability

A quantity that indicates how easily a ferromagnetic material can be magnetized. When a magnetic field of strength H is applied, the magnetic material is magnetized and the magnetic flux density is B.
μ=B/H
is the magnetic permeability. The ratio to the magnetic permeability of a vacuum, μ 0, is called the relative magnetic permeability, and this is usually used. Magnetic permeability is a function of H, with the maximum value being the maximum magnetic permeability, and the value when H is very small being the initial magnetic permeability. Materials with a high μ are called high permeability materials or soft magnetic materials, and are used for transformer cores, etc.

Permeability is not a material constant, but a structure-sensitive quantity, and is therefore strongly influenced by manufacturing techniques and handling methods. When using magnetic materials with alternating current, the permeability decreases as the frequency increases, but ferrite has a smaller decrease than metallic materials and can be used at high frequencies. Permeability can decrease over time, a phenomenon known as disaccommodation, which is a measure of the instability of a material.

[Keizo Ota]

[Reference item] | Magnetic materials

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

強磁性材料の磁化しやすさを表す量。強さHの磁界を与えたとき、磁性体が磁化して生じた磁束密度をBとすると、
  μ=B/H
が透磁率である。真空の透磁率μ0との比を比透磁率とよび、通常これが用いられる。透磁率はHの関数で、最大の値を最大透磁率、Hがごく小さいときの値を初透磁率という。μの高いものは高透磁率材料、あるいは軟(ソフト)磁性材料とよばれ、トランスの磁心などに用いられる。

 透磁率は物質定数ではなく、構造敏感な量であるため、製造技術や取扱い方法などに強く影響される。交流で磁性材料を利用するとき、周波数が上がるにつれて透磁率は低下するが、金属材料に比べフェライトは低下が少なく、高周波で使用できる。時間とともに透磁率が減少することがあり、これはディスアコモデーションとよばれて、材料の不安定性の尺度とされる。

[太田恵造]

[参照項目] | 磁性材料

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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