Carpenter

...Even in areas where wood was scarce and people had to build with sun-dried bricks, burnt bricks, or stone, carpenters and carpentry techniques existed in almost every civilization, because wooden beams were used for roofs and second floors. Generally, carpenters were responsible for the structural parts of buildings, building walls made of stacked logs or timber, supports and exterior walls for framework structures, partition walls, and rafters for roofs, so carpentry is also called rough carpentry. In contrast, woodwork that requires more precision and good appearance is called joinery, and joiners were responsible for wallboards, wall panels, floors, ceilings, doors, windows, stairs, furniture, and fixtures. ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "carpenter" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…木材が乏しく，日乾煉瓦や焼成煉瓦や石で建てなければならない地域でも，屋根や二階床組みには木材の梁を用いたため，大工と大工技術はほとんどすべての文明圏に存在したということができる。　一般に大工carpenterは建物の構造部分を担当し，丸太や角材を積んだ壁，骨組構造の支柱や外壁，間仕切壁，屋根の小屋組みなどをつくるので，大工仕事を荒木工事rough carpentry(軸組工事)ともいう。これに対し，より精密で見栄えのよさを必要とする木工事は指物（さしもの）工事joinery(造作工事)と呼び，指物師joinerは壁板，壁パネル，床，天井，扉，窓，階段，家具，備品を担当した。…

※「carpenter」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報