Yan Ruoying - Enjakukyo

The first scholar of the Qing Dynasty of China. His pen name was Baishi and his pen name was Panqiu. He was from Taiyuan County, Shanxi Province, and lived in Huai'an Prefecture, Jiangsu Province. He entered the county school at the age of 16 and devoted himself to the study of classics and history. His motto was "If I do not know anything, it is a deep shame. When I meet people and ask them, I have few days to ask them." After reading the Book of Documents at the age of 20, he worked hard for more than 30 years, and published the Commentary on the Ancient Texts of the Book of Documents (1745), which proved that 25 chapters of ancient texts and the biography of Kong Anguo were forgeries. This paved the way for the classics to be studied scientifically for the first time, and led to later Qing Dynasty historical research. He was also knowledgeable about geography, and participated in the compilation of the "Daqing Yitongzhi" (Records of the Great Qing) by Xu Qianxue (1631-1694), and wrote "The Four Books of Explanation." "Han Qiu Zhanji" (Records of the Reading of the Land) is a collection of his reading theory. In his later years, he was summoned and received the acquaintanceship of the fourth prince of the Kangxi Emperor, and died in Beijing on June 8, 43rd year of the Kangxi era.

[Mitsuo Kondo March 18, 2016]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、清(しん)初の学者。字(あざな)は百詩、号は潛邱(せんきゅう)。山西(さんせい)省太原(たいげん)県の人。江蘇(こうそ)省淮安(わいあん)府に住んだ。16歳で県学に入り、経学・史学にいそしみ、「一物も知らずんば以(もっ)て深き恥と為(な)し、人に遭(あ)いて問うに寧日(ねいじつ)有る少(な)し」を座右銘とした。20歳で『尚書（書経）』を読んでから30余年の努力を積み、古文25篇(へん)と孔安国(こうあんこく)の伝が偽作であることを論証した『尚書古文疏証(そしょう)』（1745）は、古典を初めて科学的な研究対象とする道を開き、後の清朝考証学を導くものとなった。地理学にも詳しく、徐乾学(じょけんがく)（1631―1694）の『大清一統志(だいしんいっとうし)』編纂(へんさん)に加わり、『四書釈地』の著がある。『潛邱箚記(さっき)』は平生の読書論学の集録である。晩年、康煕(こうき)帝の第4皇子に召されて知遇を受け、康煕43年6月8日、北京(ぺキン)で卒(しゅっ)した。

［近藤光男　2016年3月18日］

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