German Peasants' War - German Peasants' War (English spelling) Bauernkrieg

Japanese: ドイツ農民戦争 - ドイツのうみんせんそう（英語表記）Bauernkrieg

A large-scale peasant uprising that spread mainly in southwestern Germany in 1524-25. Inspired by the Reformation of M. Luther, the peasant class, who had often expressed dissatisfaction in the past, rose up in a sudden uprising, and its origins date back to the Hussite Wars in Bohemia and even the Swiss War of Independence. The most famous leader of the peasants was Thor Müntzer, whose ideas were radical, but the peasants' demands were relatively moderate, as seen in the "Twelve Theses of the Swabian Peasants." Luther supported the peasants at first, but when he saw that some of them had become radicalized and were engaged in plundering, he came to advocate the suppression of the uprising. This great uprising, which once shook Germany, lacked unity and was thoroughly suppressed by the armies of the feudal lords, preventing the rise in the status of German peasants thereafter. In general, the main cause of this Peasant War seems to have been the infringement of the traditional rights of the peasants, the abuse of feudal rights by manor lords, and the increase in the tax burden on the lords in the process of achieving unified rule by feudal lords.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

1524～25年主としてドイツ南西部に広まった大規模な農民一揆。 M.ルターの宗教改革に刺激され，従来からしばしば不満を表明してきた農民層が一挙に蜂起した事件で，その源流はボヘミアのフス戦争，さらにはスイスの独立戦争にまでさかのぼる。農民側指導者としては T.ミュンツァーが最も名高く，その思想は急進的であったが，農民の要求は「シュワーベン農民の 12ヵ条」にみられるように比較的穏和なものであった。ルターは最初は農民を支持したが，農民の一部が急進化し，略奪に明け暮れるありさまをみて，一揆鎮圧を主張するにいたった。一時はドイツを震撼させたこの大一揆も，相互の結束を欠き，諸侯の軍隊によって徹底的に鎮圧され，以後ドイツ農民の地位上昇ははばまれた。総じてこの農民戦争は，領邦君主による統一的支配実現の過程で，農民の伝統的な諸権利が侵され，荘園領主による封建的権利の濫用に加えて，君主への租税負担が増大したことに最大の原因をもっていたと思われる。

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