A type of orthopedic treatment method. It is a widely used method that applies traction to a local area. There are traction methods for the spine and for the limbs, and there are direct traction methods, in which a device is attached directly to the bone to apply traction, and mediated traction methods, in which traction is applied through the skin. Direct traction methods for the spine include cranial traction, which is performed by inserting a special pin into the skull and attaching a device to it. Crutchfield traction is a typical example, and is used for reducing fractures and dislocations of the cervical spine. Halo pelvic traction is a method in which a halo ring is attached to the skull and a pelvic ring is attached to the pelvis, connecting the two with a support, and applying traction to the spine, and is used for correcting scoliosis. A commonly used indirect traction method for the spine is Glisson traction, which uses a Glisson loop to traction the cervical spine, and is used for cervicobrachial syndrome and cervical spondylosis. There are methods that can be performed in the sitting position and the supine position. Pelvic traction is a method of traction of the lumbar spine using a pelvic belt, and is used for lower back pain such as lumbar spondylosis degenerative and lumbar disc herniation. Direct traction of the limbs is commonly performed by inserting a Kirschner wire into the bone and attaching a traction device to it, known as wire traction, and is used to reduce and maintain the reduced position of fractures and dislocations, correct joint deformities and contractures, etc. Indirect traction methods include bandage traction, in which a bandage is applied to the skin, and speed track traction, in which a belt with a sponge is attached, but the traction force is weaker than that of wire traction. [Takashi Nagai] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
整形外科の治療方法の一種。局所に牽引力を作用させる方法であり、広く用いられる。牽引法には脊椎(せきつい)に対するものと、四肢に対するものがあり、また方法としては、直接骨に装置を取り付けて牽引力を働かせる直達牽引法と、皮膚を介して牽引力を作用させる介達牽引法とがある。 脊椎に対する直達牽引法としては、頭蓋(とうがい)骨に特別のピンを挿入して装置を取り付けて行う頭蓋牽引があり、クラッチフィールド牽引が代表的なもので、頸椎(けいつい)の骨折や脱臼(だっきゅう)の整復などに用いられる。また、ハロー骨盤牽引は、頭蓋にハローリングを取り付け、骨盤には骨盤輪を取り付けて両者を支柱で連結し、脊椎に牽引力を働かせる方法で、脊柱側彎(そくわん)症の矯正などに用いられる。日常広く行われている脊椎に対する介達牽引法としては、グリソン係蹄(けいてい)を用いて頸椎を牽引するグリソン牽引があり、頸腕症候群、変形性頸椎症などに行われる。坐(ざ)位と仰臥(ぎょうが)位で行う方法がある。また骨盤牽引は骨盤帯を用いて腰椎を牽引する方法で、変形性腰椎症、腰椎椎間板ヘルニアなどの腰痛疾患に用いられる。 四肢に対する直達牽引法としては、骨にキルシュナー鋼線を刺入し、これに牽引装置を取り付ける鋼線牽引が一般に行われ、骨折や脱臼の整復や整復位の保持、関節の変形や拘縮の矯正などに用いる。介達牽引法には絆創膏(ばんそうこう)を皮膚に貼付(ちょうふ)する絆創膏牽引、スポンジを貼(は)ったベルトをつけるスピードトラック牽引などがあるが、牽引力は鋼線牽引よりも弱い。 [永井 隆] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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