Solutions of substances called electrolytes not only have the property of conducting electricity, but also behave differently from solutions of nonelectrolytes, such as sucrose, in terms of thermodynamic properties such as vapor pressure and osmotic pressure. The Arrhenius ionization theory is a theory proposed by S. A. Arrhenius to explain the difference between electrolytes and nonelectrolytes. Prior to this, M. Faraday believed that when an electric field is applied to an electrolyte solution, the electrolyte breaks down into ions and conducts electricity. In contrast, Arrhenius' theory assumes that electrolytes in a solution are always dissociated into cations and anions in a certain ratio, and that an equilibrium is established between the undissociated neutral molecules and the ions. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
電解質とよばれる物質の溶液は,電気を導く性質をもっているばかりでなく,蒸気圧や浸透圧などの熱力学的な性質の面でも,ショ糖などで代表される非電解質の溶液とは異なる挙動を示す。電解質と非電解質との相違を説明するためにS.A.アレニウスが提出した理論がアレニウスの電離説である。これより先にM.ファラデーは,電解質溶液に電場を加えると,電解質がイオンに分かれて電気を導くと考えた。これに対してアレニウスの理論では,溶液中の電解質はつねにある割合で陽イオンと陰イオンとに解離しており,未解離の中性分子とイオンとの間には平衡が成立しているものと仮定する。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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