Pachuca (English spelling)

Japanese: パチュカ（英語表記）Pachuca

Pachuca de Soto is the capital of Hidalgo State in central Mexico. It is located about 90 km north-northeast of Mexico City, on the Mexican plateau at the southwest foot of the Madre Mountains East, at an altitude of about 2,420 m. It is one of the oldest Spanish settlements in Mexico and the center of a rich silver mining region. It is said that some of the silver mines in this area were already known to the Aztecs before the Spanish conquest, but the Spanish discovered them in 1534. The town was built as a mining center and developed along with the development of the mines. In 1739, the nearby Real del Monte silver mine began operation. The mine is still one of the largest in the world. The method of extracting silver from ore by creating an amalgam by combining it with mercury is said to have been perfected in Pachuca in the 16th century, and is called the Mexican process. The cyanide process was also developed in the city in the 20th century. In recent years, mining production has declined significantly, causing serious unemployment problems, but the state government is addressing this issue through industrial development. The main industries are metal extraction and refining, as well as leather tanning, woolen textiles, brewed alcohol, and soap. Many colonial buildings remain in the city, and there are also the Hidalgo Autonomous University (1961) and the College of Mining and Metallurgy (1877). Population: 179,440 (1990 estimate).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

正式名称はパチュカデソト Pachuca de Soto。メキシコ中部，イダルゴ州の州都。メキシコ市の北北東約 90km，東マドレ山脈南西麓のメキシコ高原にあり，標高約 2420m。メキシコにおける最古のスペイン人入植地の一つで，豊かな銀鉱地帯の中心地。この地域の銀鉱の一部はスペイン征服前にすでにアステカ族などに知られていたといわれるが，スペイン人は 1534年に発見。町はその採掘中心地として建設され，鉱山の開発に伴って発展。 1739年には近くのレアルデルモンテ銀山が操業を開始。同銀山は現在も世界最大級の銀山である。水銀との化合でアマルガムをつくり鉱石から銀を抽出する方法は，16世紀にパチュカで完成されたといわれ，メキシコ法と呼ばれる。またシアン化法も 20世紀に市で開発された。近年鉱業生産が著しく減少し，深刻な失業問題が生じているが，州政府は工業開発により対処。主要工業は金属抽出，精錬のほか，なめし皮，毛織物，醸造酒，石鹸など。市内には植民地時代の建物も多く残っており，またイダルゴ自治大学 (1961) ，鉱山冶金専門学校 (1877) などがある。人口 17万 9440 (1990推計) 。

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