Tenmei - Tenmyo

Japanese: 天明 - てんみょう

Located in Aso County, Shimotsuke Province, in what is now the southwestern part of Sano City, Tochigi Prefecture. A post station from the Middle Ages to the early modern period. Also written as Tenmei, the name Tenmei-juku already appears in the Taiheiki. When the remains of Tokugawa Ieyasu were transported from Mount Kuno in Suruga to Mount Nikko in 1617, his coffin came from Tatebayashi in Ueno to this place, stayed overnight at Soshu-ji Temple, and was then transported to Nikko via Kanuma in Tochigi. Since 1464, Tenmei-juku has been a post station on the Nikko Reihei-kaido road, and together with the neighboring Koya-machi, it formed Tenmei-juku. According to the "General Register of Inns and Villages," it is two and a half ri away from Yanada Inn (currently Ashikaga City, Tochigi Prefecture) in the west, 27 cho away from Inubushi Inn (currently Tochigi City, Tochigi Prefecture) in the east, and three and a half ri away from Tomida Inn (currently Tochigi City, Tochigi Prefecture). In 1764, the Nikko Reiheishi Kaido came under the jurisdiction of the road magistrate, and in 1766, Josukego Village was established. Because of its close proximity to Inubushi Inn, the two inns were treated as one in terms of relaying horses and men, and by the end of the Tenpo era (1830-1844), relaying was only to Tomida Inn. On the other hand, the area is also known for its specialty Tenmei casting. There are various theories about its origin, including one that says it was founded by a caster who was relocated from Kawachi Province to Teraoka (currently Ashikaga City) by Fujiwara no Hidesato in 939. The oldest surviving Tenmei casting is a temple bell with the date 1321, and other famous items include kettles and crocodile bells. The activities of Tenmei casters can be confirmed in documents from the 15th century, and they operated as a group-based organization. Their area of activity extended from the entire Kanto region to the Kinai region. It is believed that they came under the control of the Makitsugi family towards the end of the Sengoku period. With the construction of Kasugaoka Castle by the Sano clan from 1602, a settlement for casters was established in the local Kanaya-cho area, and their activity continued until the late early modern period. → Tenmei Kiln

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

下野国安蘇(あそ)郡内にあり，現在の栃木県佐野市市街地の南西部にあたる。中世から近世にわたる宿駅。天命とも記され，《太平記》にはすでに天命宿の名がみえる。1617年駿河久能(くのう)山から日光山へ徳川家康の遺骸が移送された際には，その柩は上野館林から当地に来り惣宗(そうしゅう)寺に一泊したのち，栃木・鹿沼(かぬま)を経て日光へ運ばれた。1464年以降日光例幣使(にっこうれいへいし)街道の宿として，隣接する小屋(こや)町とともに天明宿を形成した。《宿村大概帳》によれば，西の簗田(やなだ)宿（現，栃木県足利市）までは２里半，東の犬伏(いぬぶし)宿までは27町，富田(とみだ)宿（現，栃木県栃木市）まで３里半の距離にある。1764年日光例幣使街道は道中奉行の管轄となり，1766年定助郷(じょうすけごう)村が定められた。犬伏宿と近接していることから人馬継立は２宿で１宿並の扱いとなり，天保（1830年―1844年）末には富田宿への継立のみ行っていた。いっぽう当地は特産の天明鋳物でも知られる。起源については諸説あり，939年藤原秀郷により河内国から寺岡(てらおか)（現，足利市）に移住させられた鋳物師(いもじ)が祖であるなどと伝える。現存最古の天明鋳物は1321年銘の梵鐘で，そのほか湯釜・鰐口が有名。天明鋳物師の活動は文献上は15世紀から確認され，座的組織をもって活動。その活動範囲は関東一円から畿内にまで及んだ。戦国末期には真継家の支配下に入っていたとみられる。1602年からの佐野氏の春日岡(かすがおか)城築城により，当地金屋(かなや)町に鋳物師の居住地が形成され，以後その活動は近世後期まで続いた。→天明釜

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