Turk - Turk (English spelling)

Japanese: 突厥 - とっけつ（英語表記）Tu-jue; T`u-chüeh; Türk

A nomadic state established by the Turkic Ashinas who ruled Mongolia and Central Asia from the mid-6th century to the mid-8th century. Originally under the control of the Rouran, the Ashinas gained power under the rule of Tumen (→Ili Khan), who subjugated the Tiele tribes and separated from the Rouran in 552. Under the third ruler, Mukan Khan, they destroyed the Rouran, defeated the Khitan and Kyrgyz, and also defeated the Hephthalites in the west. The Turk state was dominated by the Great Khan in the center, and many smaller Khans were divided into them, but in 583, the Western Khan Tatto, who ruled the western part, became independent from the Great Khan, and the Turks were divided into Eastern and Western Turks. The Eastern Turks enjoyed great power for a time, but in 630 they were defeated by the Tiele tribes under their rule, and were destroyed by internal conflicts. The Western Turks were also destroyed by internal conflicts at the end of the 7th century. The Eastern Turks were revived at the end of the 7th century by Ashinakhotsul, who called himself Irtelishu Khagan. They ruled Mongolia for several generations, but internal conflicts arose and they were destroyed by the Tiele tribes in 744 by the Uighurs.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

6世紀中頃から8世紀中頃まで，モンゴル，中央アジアを支配したチュルク族阿史那 (あしな) 氏の建てた遊牧国家。もとは柔然の支配下にあったが，阿史那氏に土門 (→伊利可汗 ) が出るに及んで強大となり，鉄勒諸部を従え柔然から独立した (552) 。第3代の木杆可汗 (もくかんかがん) にいたり柔然を滅ぼし，契丹，キルギスを破り，また西方ではエフタルをも破った。突厥の国家は中央部を大カガンが支配するほか，多くの小カガンが分立していたが，583年西部を支配した西面可汗達頭 (たっとう) は大カガンから独立し，突厥は東西に分裂した。東突厥はしばらく強勢を誇ったが，その支配下にあった鉄勒諸部の反乱を受け，630年唐に帰付して一時消滅し，西突厥も7世紀の末に内紛で滅んだ。東突厥は7世紀末に阿史那骨咄禄 (あしなこっとつろく) が出て復興し，みずからイルテリシュ・カガンと称した。以後数代にわたってモンゴルを支配したが，内紛を生じ，744年鉄勒の一部ウイグルに滅ぼされた。

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