Electrical machinery industry

Japanese: 電気機械工業 - でんききかいこうぎょう

This is an industry that manufactures equipment related to the generation, transportation, and use of electricity. There are many types of products, and statistically they are classified into heavy electrical equipment (rotating electrical equipment, stationary electrical equipment, consumer electrical equipment), wiring and lighting equipment, light bulbs, communication equipment and others (communication equipment and wireless devices, radios and televisions, communication equipment parts and accessories, electron tubes and semiconductor elements, electronic application devices, electrical measuring instruments), and batteries. However, they can also be simply divided into strong and weak electrical equipment based on the strength of the current used, or heavy and light electrical equipment based on the capacity and weight of the equipment, with strong and heavy electrical equipment including power transmission and distribution equipment, electric motors, industrial electrical machinery, etc., and weak and light electrical equipment including consumer electrical equipment and electronic equipment. The electrical machinery industry began with the manufacture of telegraphs in the mid-19th century, and then rapidly expanded to telephones, generators, electric motors, light bulbs, wireless communication devices, etc., and developed into a major industrial sector due to the rapid growth of the electronics industry, especially after World War II. Each country is characterized by a high concentration of production in large companies, and the global expansion of American companies is particularly remarkable. In Japan, the first telegraph was made in a Ministry of Public Works factory in 1873, and by the beginning of the Showa era, the industry had become established. It grew rapidly after the Second World War, supported by the explosive spread of consumer electrical equipment, the development of power sources, and the expansion of telephone networks. In 1996, the total shipment value was 57.88 trillion yen, of which 10.534 trillion yen was for power generation and transmission/industrial use, 4.358 trillion yen for home electrical equipment, 707 billion yen for radios and televisions, and 9.736 trillion yen for computers, accounting for about 40% of the total shipment value of the machinery industry. Exports also exceeded 12 trillion yen, but in recent years the country has been faced with serious problems, such as measures to prevent the inflow of Japanese products into major export destinations. The manufacturers are mainly global general companies such as Hitachi and Toshiba, general companies in specific fields such as Panasonic and Sony, and specialized companies that specialize in specific products, with many parts companies and subcontractors attached to them.

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

電気の発生，輸送，利用に関する機器を製造する工業。製品の種類はきわめて多く，統計上は，重電機器（回転電気機器，静止電気機器，民生用電気機器），配線・照明器具，電球，通信機その他（通信機器・無線装置，ラジオ・テレビ，通信機部品・付属品，電子管・半導体素子，電子応用装置，電気計測器），電池に分類されている。しかし，簡単には使用電流の強弱によって強電機と弱電機に，または機器の容量・重量の大小によって重電機と軽電機に分け，強・重電機は発送配電機器，電動機，産業用電気機械などを，弱・軽電機は民生用電気機器や電子機器などを含むとすることがある。　電気機械工業は19世紀半ばの電信機製造に始まり，その後，電話機，発電機，電動機，電球，無線通信機などへ急速に展開，特に第２次大戦後電子工業の急成長により工業の一大分野に発展した。各国とも巨大企業による生産集中度の高いのが特徴で，ことに米国企業の世界的進出が著しい。日本では1873年工部省の工場で電信機を作ったのを最初に，昭和初年までには産業的確立をみ，第２次大戦後の民生用電気機器の爆発的普及，電源開発や電話網拡大などにささえられて急速に成長した。1996年の出荷額は57兆8800億円で，うち発送電・産業用10兆5340億円，家庭用電気機器４兆3580億円，ラジオ・テレビ7070億円，コンピューター９兆7360億円などで，機械工業全出荷額の約40％を占める。輸出も，12兆円を超えているが，近年は，主要輸出仕向国における日本品流入防止措置など，重要な問題に当面するにいたっている。メーカーは日立，東芝のような世界的総合企業や，松下，ソニーのような特定分野での総合企業，また特定品種に特化した専門企業などが中心で，これに多数の部品企業，下請企業が属している。

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