A union that does not meet the requirements to become a labor union under the Labor Union Law. It is also called an outsider union. Originally, in the United States, an outsider union was a labor union that was incorporated into the company's side, as opposed to a company union or inside union, and it meant an independent union. However, in Japan, a labor union that meets the requirements of Article 2 of the Labor Union Law (requirements for autonomy) and Article 5, paragraph 2 (requirements for democracy) is called an internal union, and one that does not meet these requirements is called an external union. The requirement of autonomy means that the union is not controlled by the employer through membership of a representative of the employer's interests or through financial support from the employer. The requirement of democracy means that the nine items listed in Article 5, paragraph 2 of the Labor Union Law must be included in the union's rules to ensure democracy within the union. If a labor union does not meet the requirements of autonomy and democracy, it cannot participate in the procedures stipulated in the Labor Union Law, namely, corporate registration (Article 11), applications for territorial expansion of collective agreements (Article 18), procedures for recommending members of the Labor Relations Commission (Articles 19 et seq.), and procedures for applying for relief from unfair labor practices (Articles 7, 27 et seq.). The purpose of the legislation is to encourage unions to meet the requirements of the Labor Union Law by subjecting them to such disadvantages. However, in the case of a union that lacks democratic character but has autonomy, it can be said to be a right holder for the right to organize guaranteed by Article 28 of the Constitution of Japan. Therefore, even if it cannot participate in procedures specifically established by the Labor Union Law, it can enjoy the rights under Article 28 of the Constitution, and is granted criminal and civil immunity for collective bargaining and industrial action, and can also conclude labor agreements. The examination of whether or not a union meets the requirements for autonomy and democracy is conducted by the Labor Relations Commission each time a labor union applies for procedures under the Labor Union Law, but is not conducted when a labor union is established. Only after passing this qualification examination can a union participate in the procedures, and if it lacks any qualifications, the Labor Relations Commission will recommend corrections. In addition, in the case of non-legal unions, the union itself cannot apply for relief for unfair labor practices, but individual members of the union can apply for them (Labor Union Law, Article 5, Paragraph 1, proviso). [Mikio Yoshida] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
労働組合法上の労働組合となるための要件を満たしていない組合のこと。アウトサイダー・ユニオンともいう。元来アメリカでは、会社側に取り込まれた御用組合company union, inside unionとは逆の労働組合のことをアウトサイダー・ユニオンoutsider unionといい、自主的な組合を意味する。しかし日本では、労働組合法第2条本文の要件(自主性の要件)および第5条2項の要件(民主性の要件)を満たした労働組合を法内組合、これらを欠くものを法外組合という。自主性の要件とは、使用者の利益代表者が加入していたり、使用者から経費援助を受けることなどを通じて使用者に支配されていないことをいう。また、民主性の要件とは、組合内で民主主義を確保するために労働組合法第5条2項に掲げる9項目を組合の規約中に定めることをいう。労働組合は、自主性および民主性の要件を満たしていない場合、労働組合法で定める手続、すなわち法人登記(11条)、労働協約の地域的拡張適用の申立て(18条)、労働委員会の委員の推薦手続(19条以下)および不当労働行為の救済申立ての手続(7条、27条以下)に参加することができない。このような不利益を与えることを通じて労働組合法の要件を具備するように促すことが立法目的である。 しかし、民主性は欠いていても自主性のある組合の場合は、日本国憲法第28条で保障する団結権の権利主体であるといえるから、労働組合法によりとくに設けられた手続への参加はできなくとも、憲法第28条の権利は享有しうるのであり、団体交渉や争議行為の刑事免責、民事免責が認められ、労働協約も締結できる。自主性、民主性の要件を満たしているか否かの審査は、労働組合が労働組合法上の手続の申立てをするたびに労働委員会が行うのであり、労働組合の設立に際して審査が行われるわけではない。この資格審査を経て初めて手続に参加でき、もし資格要件に欠けるところがあれば労働委員会が補正勧告をする。なお、法外組合の場合、組合としては不当労働行為の救済申立てはできないが、所属する個々の労働者自らが申立てをすることはできる(労働組合法5条1項但書)。 [吉田美喜夫] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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