Pannonia (English spelling)

Japanese: パンノニア（英語表記）Pannonia

An ancient Roman province. The Danube River flows to the northeast, it borders Dalmatia to the south, and is made up of what is now eastern Austria, western Hungary, and parts of the former Yugoslavia. The Roman conquest began around 35-33 BC, and was completed around 14 BC with the capture of Sirmium, a strategic point in the Sava River valley. However, in 6 BC, a rebellion broke out, bringing the greatest crisis since Hannibal's invasion to Rome. In 10 BC, it became an independent state from part of the province of Illyricum, and in 106 it was divided into Upper and Lower Pannonia, the former of which became a fierce battleground with the Marcomanni tribe during the reign of Emperor Marcus Aurelius (reigned 161-180). Most of the inhabitants were Illyrians, and they maintained their own unique culture until around the 2nd century, but as Roman colonization progressed, in the 2nd and 3rd centuries, the Roman army came to be largely based on legions organized in this area, and several military emperors were established. During the reign of Theodosius I it was occupied by the Ostrogoths (395).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

古代ローマの属州。北東にドナウ川が流れ，南はダルマチアに接し，現在のオーストリア東部，ハンガリー西部，旧ユーゴスラビア一部から成る。前 35～33年頃ローマの征服が開始され，前 14年頃サバ河谷の要衝シルミウムの攻略とともに完了。しかし6年には反乱が起き，一時はハンニバル侵入以来の危機をローマにもたらした。 10年属州イリュリクムの一部から独立の州となり，106年上・下パンノニアに分割されたが，前者はマルクス・アウレリウス帝 (在位 161～180) の治世を通じ，マルコマンニ族との激戦地となった。住民の多くはイリュリア人で，2世紀頃まで独自の文化を保ったが，ローマの植民化が進み，2～3世紀には，ローマ軍はこの地で編成された軍団によるところが大となり，軍人皇帝も何人か擁立された。テオドシウス1世の治世中，東ゴート人に占領された (395) 。

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