A leading civil engineer born in Dumfries, Scotland. He worked as an architect in Edinburgh, London and Portsmouth until he was 30 years old. He went on to achieve many great feats in canal, bridge, harbour and road construction. In 1793, he completed the Ellesmere Canal, linking the Severn and Dee rivers, and in 1822, the Caledonian Canal along the north coast of Scotland, despite struggling with inflation and shortages of materials and labour due to the Napoleonic Wars. The Menai Strait Suspension Bridge, which he built between Anglesey and the mainland between 1819 and 1826, is a milestone in bridge engineering. In 1808-1810, he planned the Gotha Canal in Sweden (between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea), which was completed in 1832. He also built many ports in Scotland, constructed 1,480 km of roads across the country, and invented a unique road surface made of four layers of gravel and stone. In 1820, he became the first president of the British Institution of Civil Engineers. [Yutaka Takahashi] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
スコットランドのダンフリー州生まれの指導的土木技術者。30歳まではエジンバラ、ロンドン、ポーツマスで建築家として活躍。やがて運河、橋梁(きょうりょう)、港湾、道路建設に数々の偉業を達成。1793年にセバーン、ディー川を結ぶエルズメア運河、1822年にはスコットランド北海岸沿いのカレドニア運河を、ナポレオン戦争によるインフレーション、材料や労働力不足と苦闘しながら完成。1819~1826年に架けたメナイ海峡吊橋(つりばし)(アングルシー島と本土とを結ぶ)は橋梁技術の金字塔。1808~1810年にスウェーデンのゴータ運河(バルチック海と北海間)を計画、1832年に完成。またスコットランドの多くの港を築き、全国1480キロメートルの道路を構築、砂利と石の4層からなる独特の道路舗装を発明した。1820年イギリス土木学会初代会長となった。 [高橋 裕] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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