Born January 27, 1948. Liberian politician and rebel leader. President (in office 1997-2003). He is considered the person responsible for the civil war that caused devastating damage in Liberia in the 1990s. His father was a judge and a descendant of freed slaves from the United States. He studied at an American university and obtained a bachelor's degree in economics in 1977. He served as a bureaucrat under the Doe administration, but in 1983 he was accused of embezzling about $1 million in public funds and fled to the United States the following year in 1984. He was arrested and imprisoned in the United States, but escaped before being deported, and traveled to Libya to form the anti-government armed group National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL). The NPFL invaded Liberia at the end of 1989 and reached the capital Monrovia in 1990, but was unable to seize power, leading to a brutal civil war between armed groups. A ceasefire was signed in 1996, and in July 1997, Taylor won a presidential election, which was accused of fraud, but won with 75% of the vote. After assuming the presidency, he replaced members of the military with NPFL members and reorganized the army, and fighting with anti-presidential forces continued. Internationally, Taylor was accused of supporting rebel forces in Sierra Leone, and was indicted by the International War Crimes Tribunal established by the United Nations. In 2003, he resigned as president and went into exile in Nigeria, but in 2006, he was extradited to Liberia, where he was charged with crimes against humanity and war crimes and transferred to The Hague in the Netherlands to stand trial at the Special Tribunal for Sierra Leone. On April 26, 2012, the Special Tribunal for Sierra Leone found him guilty, and on May 30, he was sentenced to 50 years in prison. Tailor
Taylor, Joseph H. Jr. Born March 24, 1941. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. American astrophysicist. Received his PhD in astronomy from Harvard University in 1968. After working as a professor at the University of Massachusetts, he moved to Princeton University in 1980, where he became the James S. McDonnell Professor in 1986. During his time at Massachusetts, he began researching pulsars with RS Hulse, a graduate student studying under Hulse. In 1974, while observing with a large radio telescope in Puerto Rico, he discovered a binary pulsar, PSR1913+16, with a neutron star. Because the interval between pulses of this pulsar changes in a regular pattern, increasing and decreasing every eight hours, he concluded that the other star must be moving away from and toward the Earth as it revolves around the center of gravity formed by the other star, and that this other star must also be a neutron star with a mass similar to that of the pulsar. This discovery was evaluated as providing a "space laboratory" in which the theory of gravity described in Einstein's general theory of relativity could be verified. Furthermore, as a result of his observations, he discovered that the period of PSR1913+16 was shortening, and that the distance between the two neutron stars was decreasing, and he found that this was due to the emission of gravitational waves, supporting the general theory of relativity. In 1993, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics together with Hals. Tailor
Taylor, Frederick Winslow Born: March 20, 1856, Philadelphia
[Died] March 21, 1915. Philadelphia. American mechanical engineer. Founder of the Taylor System. Became an apprentice at a small machine shop in Philadelphia in 1874, and joined Midvale Steel in 1878, working his way up to become chief engineer. He left Midvale Steel in 1889, and the following year became general manager of Manufacturing Investments, where he put his business management theory into practice. After leaving Midvale Steel in 1993, he worked as a management consultant to many companies. As a measure against organized factory slowdown, he presented A Price-Rate System at the Detroit convention of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1995, and from 1901 onwards, he devoted himself to promoting the Taylor System. In 1903 he presented Shop Management, and in 1906 he became president of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. He was also a well-known inventor, holding more than 40 patents. His main works include On the Art of Cutting Metals (1906) and The Principles of Scientific Management (11), as well as numerous other papers. Tailor
Taylor, Richard E. Born: November 2, 1929, Medicine Hat, Canada
[Died] 22 February 2018. Physicist from Stanford, California, USA. Full name Richard Edward Taylor. Graduated from the University of Alberta in 1950, and received his PhD from Stanford University in 1962. After working at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory of the University of California for about a year, he was a researcher at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory) from 1962 to 1968. He became an assistant professor at Stanford University in 1968 and a professor at the same university in 1970. At the Stanford Linear Accelerator Laboratory, he worked on scattering experiments with atomic nuclei with Jerome Isaac Friedman and Henry Way Kendall, and in 1975, he observed the existence of a hard, point-like core inside protons and neutrons, concluding that this was the fundamental particle quark, which had been proposed in 1964 by a team from the California Institute of Technology. In 1990, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics with Friedman and Kendall for experimentally elucidating the existence of quarks, which had previously only been theoretical. Tailor
Taylor, (James) Bayard Born January 11, 1825 in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania.
[died] December 19, 1878, Berlin American travel writer, poet, and novelist. In 1844, he published his first collection of poems, Ximena. He traveled around Europe for two years and published his travelogue, Views Afoot (1846), which made him famous. He also published Eldorado (50), a travelogue about his experiences in California during the Gold Rush as a correspondent for the New York Tribune, and A Visit to India, China, and Japan, in the Year 1853 (55), a travelogue about his visit to Japan and other places as part of Commodore Perry's expedition. He later published several novels, including Hannah Thurston (63), and also lectured in German literature at Cornell University (69-77), and translated Goethe's Faust (2 volumes, 70, 71). In 1878 he was appointed ambassador to Germany, but died shortly thereafter. Tailor
Taylor, Cecil Born: March 25, 1929, New York, New York
[Died] April 5, 2018. New York, New York. American jazz pianist and composer. Full name Cecil Percival Taylor. One of the pioneers who liberated jazz improvisation from fixed harmonic structures. He received professional music training in New York and Boston, but was decisively influenced by jazz pianists such as Duke Ellington. In the mid-1950s, he began performing with a small group. From the time of the publication of Jazz Advance (1956), he was called "an uncompromising pioneer in the music world" and highly praised by critics. However, it took time for his complex and difficult music to be accepted by the general audience. Since 1973, he has been active as a soloist and with his own small band. Influenced by both classical music and jazz, he created a unique style of playing that was dynamic, powerful, and rich in harmony, and was hailed as a master of jazz piano. Tailor
Taylor, Zachary Born November 24, 1784 in Montebello, Virginia
Died: July 9, 1850, Washington, DC
American politician. 12th President (in office 1849-50). Enlisted in the Army as an infantry lieutenant in 1808. During the American-British War, he participated in the subjugation of Indians in the Northwest. When Texas was annexed in 1845, he became the commander of the garrison troops stationed along its southern border. In 1846, he triggered the Mexican-American War, defeating Mexican forces at the Battle of Palo Alto and the Battle of Resaca de la Palma, and then marched to California and occupied Monterrey. In 1847, he defeated Mexican forces at the Battle of Buena Vista, achieving a brilliant victory. However, he had differences of opinion with the Democratic President J. Polk and the Secretary of War, among other wartime leaders. With the fame he gained from his wartime victories as a backdrop, he was nominated as the Whig Party's presidential candidate, won, and took office in 1849. With the California Gold Rush in mind, he faced the issue of California joining the Union, but he died suddenly one year and four months after taking office. Tailor
Taylor, Paul Born: July 29, 1930, Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania
[Died] August 29, 2018. New York, New York. Dancer and choreographer. Full name: Paul Belville Taylor. Taking advantage of his height of about 190 cm, he received a scholarship for swimming and art to study at Syracuse University. He started dance while he was a student in 1951, and studied under Doris Humphrey and Martha Graham. In 1954, he organized his own dance company and created Three Epitaphs, which brought him into the limelight. Since then, he has been one of the leading choreographers of American modern dance, releasing works such as The Tower (1957), The Tablet (1960), Oriole (1962), Skull Drama (1963), and Esplanade (1975). He continued to create comical works dealing with human relationships, the true and false sides of society, and hypocrisy, and toured all over the world. At the same time, she danced all of the major works as a soloist with the Martha Graham Dance Company. Tailor
Taylor, Charles Born November 5, 1931 in Montreal. Canadian political philosopher. Full name Charles Margrave Taylor. After receiving his BA in History from McGill University in 1952, he studied at Oxford University in England as a Rhodes Scholar, receiving his BA in Philosophy in 1955 and his PhD in 1961. He returned to Canada in 1961 and served as Professor of Social and Political Theory at Oxford University, while also serving as Professor at McGill University until 1997. He has led the revival of George W. F. Hegel studies in the English-speaking world, and has developed his own political philosophy incorporating 20th century continental philosophies such as hermeneutics and phenomenology. In 2007, he was the first Canadian to receive the Templeton Prize for the Advancement of Research and Discovery in Spiritual Reality. His major works are Hegel (1975) and Hegel and Modern Society (1979). Tailor
Taylor, Dame Elizabeth Born: February 27, 1932, London, England
[Died] March 23, 2011. Los Angeles, California, United States. American film actress. Full name Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor. In 1942, she was scouted by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) and entered the film industry, making her debut at the age of 10 in "Going Home." She was a popular young star, and was affectionately known as "Liz." She was blessed with many roles in films such as "A Place in the Sun" (1951) and "Rhapsody" (1953), and as she grew up, she rose to the top of Hollywood. She won two Academy Awards for Best Actress, for "Butterfield 8" (1960) and "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf" (1966). In her later years, she was actively involved in social issues, such as serving as the president of the AIDS Research Foundation. She was made a Dame in 2000. Tailor
Taylor, Brook Born: August 18, 1685, Edmonton, Middlesex
[Died] December 29, 1731, London. British mathematician. Studied mathematics at Cambridge University. In 1708, he obtained a groundbreaking solution to the problem of the center of vibration, but it was not published until 1714. In 1715, in his major work, Incremental Calculus, he published Taylor's Theorem on the series expansion of functions. This book is also unforgettable for establishing the difference method as a field of mathematics. In terms of applications, he derived an equation for determining the shape of a vibrating string, and in Perspective Drawings (1715) he described the principles of an original drawing method. In 1712, he became a member of the Royal Society of London. In the same year, he became a member of the committee that adjudicated the dispute over the priority of the discovery of the calculus between Newton and Leibniz. After 1715, his research turned to philosophical and religious subjects. Tailor
Taylor, Maxwell Davenport Born: August 26, 1901, Keittsville, Montana, USA
[Died] April 19, 1987, Washington DC, USA
American Army officer. Graduated from West Point Military Academy in 1922. Immediately after the outbreak of World War II, he organized the first airborne division in the United States. He commanded the 101st Airborne Division during the Normandy landings and the invasion of the Netherlands. In 1953, he commanded the United Nations forces in Korea as commander of the 8th Army, and served as Army Chief of Staff from 1955 to 1959, retiring in 1959. He wrote The Uncertain Trumpet (1959), in which he criticized the strategy of massive retaliation and advocated a flexible response strategy. He served as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1962 to 1964, and as the situation in Vietnam worsened, he served as ambassador to Vietnam from 1964 to 1965, and as special advisor to the president from 1965 to 1969. Tailor
Taylor, Edward Born: circa 1642. Sketchley
[Died] June 24, 1729. Westfield, Massachusetts. American poet and clergyman. Born in England, he moved to New England to practice his nonconformist faith. After graduating from Harvard University, he was posted as a clergyman in Westfield, then a remote town, where he spent the rest of his life. His 400-page quarto manuscript poems were not seen for a long time, but in 1883 they were donated to Yale University. In 1939, the anthology The Poetical Works of Edward Taylor, edited by Thomas H. Johnson, was published, and he came to be regarded as the greatest poet of colonial America. Many of his religious poems were influenced by 17th-century English metaphysical poets. Tailor
Taylor, Alfred Edward Born: December 22, 1869, Undl
[Died] December 31, 1945. Edinburgh. British philosopher. Professor of moral philosophy at the University of Edinburgh. Studied under F. Bradley of the Neo-Hegelian school at Oxford University. Initially he took the position of critical idealism, but later he criticized this position for basing its worldview on the idea of development, and moved to the position of neo-scholasticism. In the field of the history of philosophy, he was devoted to Platonic philosophy and devoted himself to its research. His major works are The Problem of Conduct (1901), St. Thomas Aquinas as a Philosopher (24), and The Faith of a Moralist (2 volumes, 30). Tailor
Taylor, David Watson Born March 4, 1864 in Louisa County, Virginia.
[Died] July 28, 1940, Washington, DC
American naval architect and aircraft designer. After graduating with honors from the Naval Academy at Annapolis and the Royal Naval College in England, he devoted himself to the study of ship structure. In particular, his unique research into the relationship between the characteristics of a ship's hull and its resistance in water, contributed greatly to the development of naval engineering. He was responsible for the construction of ships, submarines, and flying boats for the United States Navy (1914-22). He also served on the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics for 15 years. In 1917 he was promoted to rear admiral. His books include Speed and Power of Ships (10). Tailor
Taylor, Jeremy Born: August 15, 1613. Baptized: Cambridge
[Died] August 13, 1667, Lisburn. British clergyman and writer. After studying at Cambridge University, he was ordained, and was recognized by Archbishop Lauder for his distinctive preaching. He became a chaplain to Charles I, and was arrested during the Puritan Revolution. After his release, he lived in seclusion in Wales, where he wrote his masterpieces, The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living (1650) and The Rule and Exercises of Holy Dying (51). After the Restoration, he became Bishop of Dromore in Ireland. Tailor
Taylor, William Born: May 2, 1821, Rockbridge
[Died] May 18, 1902.
American Methodist missionary. He joined the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1843, became a pastor in 1847, and was sent to California in 1849 as a missionary. He continued his missionary work by visiting the United States and Canada from 1856 to 1861, Great Britain in 1862, Australia in 1863, the West Indies in 1864, and India from 1870 to 1875. He also visited South America and South Africa several times, leaving behind many records of his missionary work. His main work is Seven Years' Street Preaching in San Francisco (1856). Tailor
Taylor, James Hudson Born: 21 May 1832, Barnsley
Died June 3, 1905. An Anglican missionary in Changsha. Founder of the interdenominational China Inland Mission (later Overseas Missionary Fellowship). Traveled to China in 1854, returned to Japan for a few years due to ill health, and then traveled back to China again, where he devoted his life to Christian evangelism. His Chinese name was Dai Yagu (De Sheng). His main work was China; Its Spiritual Need and Claims (1865). Tailor
Taylor, Sir Geoffrey Ingram Born: March 7, 1886, London
[Died] June 27, 1975. Cambridge British meteorologist and physicist. Studied at Cambridge University. Professor at Cambridge University and the Royal Institution. In addition to his research in meteorology, elasticity, and plasticity (particularly the theory of crystal dislocations), he is especially known for his research in fluid mechanics. He is known for proposing the theory of vorticity transfer in turbulence (→ vorticity) and the theory of isotropic turbulence. He was knighted in 1944 and awarded the Order of Merit in 1969. Tailor
Taylor, George Born: 1716, Northern Ireland
[Died]23 February 1781.
He was an ironworker and statesman in the American colonial period. He was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. He emigrated to Pennsylvania around 1736 and built a blast furnace in Bucks County around 1754. He was a member of the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly from 1774 to 1776. During the American Revolution, he was a moderate radical and represented Pennsylvania in the Continental Congress (1776-77). Tailor
Taylor, Joseph [Born] Around 1585
[Died] November 4, 1652, London. English actor. Joined the King's Men in 1619, and succeeded R. Burbage as leading man in the plays of Beaumont-Fletcher and others. He gave excellent performances in Hamlet, Iago, and Ferdinand in J. Webster's The Duchess of Malphy. After the deaths of H. Condell and J. Heming, he also helped manage the company. Tailor
Taylor, Robert Born: August 5, 1911 in Philly, Nebraska
[Died] June 8, 1969, Santa Monica, California. American film actor. Real name Arlington Brough. A handsome star in the 1930s and 1940s. From the 1950s onwards, he was active in action films. His works include "The Great Passage" (1940). Tailor
Taylor, Elizabeth [Born] 1912
[Died] 1975
A British female writer who enjoys depicting the loneliness of life. Her works include A View of the Harbour (1949) and Mrs. Palfrey at the Claremont (1971). Tailor
Taylor, John [Raw] 1580
[Died] 1653
English poet. After leaving the navy, he became a boatman on the River Thames, taking unusual boat trips and publishing travelogues and poems in pamphlet form. He gained popularity at court and in high society, and was affectionately known as the "Water-Poet." Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
