Gijyugikkodokuon - Gijyugikkodokuon

Japanese: 祇樹給孤独園 - ぎじゅぎっこどくおん

... The structure and activities of Buddhist temples in India can only be inferred from a few ruins, inscriptions, records of Buddhist monks from China, and articles in Buddhist scriptures, but there are two main characteristics. First, King Bimbisara of Magadha donated the bamboo forest in Rajagriha to Buddha and his religious community, and the name of Gion (Gijugitsu Kodokuon) is known from the fact that Sudatsu bought a garden from Prince Gida and donated it. As such, it developed early on with the protection of the king and the financial support of wealthy merchants. According to Faxian's "Records of the Buddha's Country" from the early 5th century, when they built temples, they also donated orchards, pastures, and even people (slaves) to support the economy of the monasteries.

From [Shrine]

...means a lodge where those who are devoted to the Buddhist path live. The five monasteries where Shakyamuni mainly preached are Jetavana, Jyurei, Mikoko, Anrajuon, and Bamboo Grove, which are called the Five Temples of India. Among them, Jetavana, which was built by the wealthy man Sudatsu to the south of Shravasti, is called Jetavana, and is an abbreviation of Jetavana, and is also commonly used in Japanese literature. The Five Mountains system in China and Japan was modeled after the Five Temples of India.

*Some of the terminology used in reference to "Gikikyu Kodokuen" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…　インドにおける仏教寺院の機構や活動状況は，わずかな遺跡や碑銘，中国からの求道僧たちの記録，ないし仏典の記事などから推定されるだけであるが，おもな特色として次の二つがあげられよう。　第1に，マガダのビンビサーラ王が王舎城内の竹林をブッダとその教団へ寄進し，また，須達（しゆだつ）長者が祇陀（ぎだ）太子から園林を買い取って寄進したという祇園(祇樹給孤独園（ぎじゆぎつこどくおん）)の名からも知られるように，早くから国王の保護や大商人の経済的援助をうけて発展したことが挙げられる。5世紀初めの法顕の《仏国記》によれば，彼らは寺院を建てる場合，僧院の経済を支えるべく，果樹園や牧場，そこに働く人々(奴婢)までも併せ寄進したという。…

【精舎】より

…仏道に精進する者が住む舎という意味。釈迦が主として説法した五つの僧院たる祇樹給孤独園（ぎじゆぎつこどくおん）精舎，鷲嶺（じゆれい）精舎，獼猴江（みこうこう）精舎，菴羅樹園（あんらじゆおん）精舎，竹林精舎を天竺五精舎といい，なかでも須達（しゆだつ）長者が舎衛城の南にたてた祇樹給孤独園精舎は，祇園精舎の略称で，日本の文学でも親しく用いられた。中国や日本における五山の制は，天竺五精舎にならったものである。…

※「祇樹給孤独園」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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