Ancient Greek philosopher. Born in Abdera, a town on the Thracian coast. A leading atomist, said to have been a student of Leucippus. A vast number of works on ethics, natural science, mathematics, music, and technology are attributed to him, but only fragments remain. The source (arche) of all things is the unborn, immortal, and unchanging atom (atmos or atmon, that which cannot be divided). These are infinite in number, but differ from one another in form (for example, A and N) and position (H and H), and move in the void (space), and all things are created and destroyed by their coming together and splitting apart. He therefore taught that "color by habit, sweetness by habit, bitterness by habit; but in reality, atom and emptiness." He also taught that the soul is a kind of fire, made up of spherical atoms, and dies just like the body, and that sensations arise when images (eidra) resembling the sensed object radiate from the object being sensed and come into contact with the sensory organs of the object being sensed. He also advocated the ethical ideal of "comfort" (euthymie) that can be obtained by moderation in pleasure and a balanced life, which is probably why he was given the nickname "the one who laughs" (Gerasinus). He was also given the nickname "wisdom" (Sophia), and his influence on later generations was remarkable. [Mikiya Suzuki] "Fragments of Early Greek Philosophers" translated and edited by Mitsuo Yamamoto (1958, Iwanami Shoten) [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
古代ギリシアの哲学者。トラキア海沿岸の町アブデラに生まれる。レウキッポスの弟子と伝えられる代表的な原子論者。倫理学、自然学、数学、音楽、技術に関する膨大な著作が彼に帰せられているが、残っているのは断片ばかりである。万物のもとのもの(アルケー)は不生・不滅・不変のアトム(アトモスあるいはアトモン。分割できないもの)である。これは数において無限であるが、形態(たとえばAとN)と位置(HとH)によって互いに異なっていて、空虚(空間)のなかを運動しており、その離合集散によって万物が生成したり消滅したりする。したがって、「慣(なら)わしによって色、慣わしによって甘さ、慣わしによって苦さ。だが、実のところはアトムと空虚」である、と説いている。魂は一種の火であって、球形のアトムからなっており、肉体と同様に死滅するとか、感覚は、感覚されるものから放散される感覚されるものに似た像(エイドーラ)が、感覚するものの感覚器官に接触しておこるとも説いていたらしい。また、享楽の節度と生活の均衡によって得られる「心地よさ」(エウテューミエー)を倫理的な理想としたが、「笑うひと」(ゲラシーノス)というあだ名が与えられたのはこのためであろう。彼にはほかに「智」(ソフィアー)というあだ名も贈られていて、後代に与えた影響は著しい。 [鈴木幹也] 『山本光雄訳・編『初期ギリシア哲学者断片集』(1958・岩波書店)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
...Rice and fruits replaced sugar cane, accountin...
...However, some species bear only one flower eac...
An evergreen shrub of the Rutaceae family. It is n...
It is a public organization that provides free sp...
〘 noun 〙 Crown. Also, a headgear. ※Gyoan Jyushu (1...
…The only international airport on the coast was ...
...They overwinter as larvae among fallen leaves....
Russian poet. Graduated from St. Petersburg Unive...
A regional brand of the Tokai region, Aichi prefec...
…General term for insects belonging to the family...
This was a trial over whether Ito Sei's Japane...
...The name comes from the fact that a few drops ...
… The City was the center of trade in goods, fund...
〘 noun 〙 A general term for fishing that uses nets...
…Although the viewpoints and approaches are diffe...