… From [Probation]…Probation is a system of probation that is carried out without the execution of a sentence, and is accompanied by a suspension of execution of a sentence, a suspension of sentence, or a suspension of prosecution. It is said to have begun in 1841 in Massachusetts, when a Boston citizen named John Augustus attended a trial and received a suspension of the sentence of a promising defendant, who he then took in and rehabilitated, and was extremely successful in caring for nearly 2,000 people in the same way. The state government took notice of his achievements and, by statute, made the probation officer, a state agency, responsible for the system, and the probation system was established. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Augustus, J." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 【保護観察】より…プロベーションは,刑の執行をせずにはじめから行われる保護観察で,刑の執行猶予,宣告猶予や起訴猶予に伴って行われる。1841年にマサチューセッツ州でボストンの一民間人オーガスタスJohn Augustusが裁判の傍聴に出かけ,見込みのありそうな被告人の判決の宣告を猶予してもらい,みずから引き取って更生させ,同様の方法で2000人近い人の世話をして非常な成功を収めたのに始まるとされる。州政府は,その業績に注目し,制定法によって州の機関であるプロベーション・オフィサーにそれを担当せしめることとし,プロベーション制度が成立した。… ※「オーガスタス,J.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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