Augustus, J.

Japanese: オーガスタス,J. - おーがすたす
Augustus, J.


[History]
The system of suspended execution of sentences as used in Japan developed in continental Europe, and the system of suspended sentences developed in the UK and the US. In the UK and the US, a system was adopted that procedurally separated the determination of facts from the determination of the sentence, and the foundations of probation were established by philanthropists such as John Augustus, and the suspension of sentences was combined with this. Suspension of execution of sentences was legalized in Belgium in 1888 and in France in 1891 as a system that voided a guilty verdict after a period of suspension.

From [Probation]

…Probation is a system of probation that is carried out without the execution of a sentence, and is accompanied by a suspension of execution of a sentence, a suspension of sentence, or a suspension of prosecution. It is said to have begun in 1841 in Massachusetts, when a Boston citizen named John Augustus attended a trial and received a suspension of the sentence of a promising defendant, who he then took in and rehabilitated, and was extremely successful in caring for nearly 2,000 people in the same way. The state government took notice of his achievements and, by statute, made the probation officer, a state agency, responsible for the system, and the probation system was established. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Augustus, J." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


[沿革]
 日本で採用されているような刑の執行猶予の制度はヨーロッパ大陸において発展をとげ,イギリス,アメリカでは刑の宣告猶予の制度が発達した。イギリス,アメリカでは,事実認定と刑の量定を手続上区分する制度が採られており,また,ジョン・オーガスタスをはじめとする篤志家によって保護観察(プロベーション)の地盤が築かれており,刑の宣告猶予はこれと結合したことなどが,その事情として挙げられている。刑の執行猶予は,1888年にベルギーで,91年にフランスで,猶予期間後は有罪判決を消滅させる制度として法制化された。…

【保護観察】より

…プロベーションは,刑の執行をせずにはじめから行われる保護観察で,刑の執行猶予,宣告猶予や起訴猶予に伴って行われる。1841年にマサチューセッツ州でボストンの一民間人オーガスタスJohn Augustusが裁判の傍聴に出かけ,見込みのありそうな被告人の判決の宣告を猶予してもらい,みずから引き取って更生させ,同様の方法で2000人近い人の世話をして非常な成功を収めたのに始まるとされる。州政府は,その業績に注目し,制定法によって州の機関であるプロベーション・オフィサーにそれを担当せしめることとし,プロベーション制度が成立した。…

※「オーガスタス,J.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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