Essential elements - Hissgenso

Although present in trace amounts, these elements are essential for life. They include transition metals (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cr, V, Mo, W) that can take two or more oxidation states, as well as Se and I. The amount per kg of human body weight is: Fe (86 mg), Zn (29 mg), Mn (1.4 mg), Cu (1.1 mg), Se (0.17 mg), I (0.16 mg), Ni (0.14 mg), Mo (0.14 mg), Cr (0.03 mg), Co (0.02 mg), V (0.02 mg). These elements together make up less than 0.1% of body weight, and most of the body is made up of the major elements C, H, O, N, S, P, Na, K, Mg, Ca, and Cl. Many of the trace elements act as coenzymes. Typical examples include Fe which coordinates to heme, Co which coordinates to vitamin _B12 , Ni which is necessary for urease activity, Cu which is contained in plastocyanin, the electron transfer factor in the photosynthetic system, Mn in arginase, Cr in glucose tolerance factor, V in haloperoxidase, Mo in aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase, and W which helps the function of carboxylic acid reductase. Zinc Zn is also essential for taste function. [See other terms] Iron-sulfur protein, zinc enzyme, copper enzyme, hemocyanin, selenocysteine, L-thyroxine.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

微量ではあるが生命活動に不可欠な元素．二つ以上の酸化状態をとることができる遷移金属(Fe，Co，Ni，Cu，Mn，Zn，Cr，V，Mo，W)やSe，Iなどが含まれる．ヒトの体重1 kg 当たりの含量：Fe(86 mg)，Zn(29 mg)，Mn(1.4 mg)，Cu(1.1 mg)，Se(0.17 mg)，I(0.16 mg)，Ni(0.14 mg)，Mo(0.14 mg)，Cr(0.03 mg)，Co(0.02 mg)，V(0.02 mg)．これらは合わせても体重の0.1％ 以下で，体の大部分は，主要元素であるC，H，O，N，S，P，Na，K，Mg，Ca，Clからできている．微量元素の多くは補酵素としてはたらく．たとえば，ヘムに配位するFe，ビタミン B₁₂ に配位するCo，ウレアーゼ活性に必要なNi，光合成系の電子伝達因子プラストシアニンに含まれるCu，アルギナーゼ(arginase)のMn，グルコース耐性因子(glucose tolerance factor)中のCr，ハロペルオキシダーゼ(haloperoxidase)のV，アルデヒド酸化酵素(aldehyde oxidase)やキサンチン酸化酵素(xanthine oxidase)のMo，カルボン酸還元酵素(carboxylic acid reductase)のはたらきを助けるWなどが典型例．亜鉛Znは味覚機能にも必須である．[別用語参照]鉄-硫黄タンパク質，亜鉛酵素，銅酵素，ヘモシアニン，セレノシステイン，L-チロキシン

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