The Government of Chakuda

Japanese: 著釱の政 - ちゃくだのまつりごと

This is a ceremony in which criminals who commit crimes such as theft and minting coins are put in a shackle called a kanagi and taken out among the people to be punished as an example. It began in the early Heian period, and according to a ceremony from the mid-10th century, on a selected day in May or December, the head of the Kebiishi-cho (police inspector's office) would lead prisoners to the East or West Market, where officials below Emon-no-suke would put the kanagi on the prisoners based on their condition and send them to prison. Depending on the crime, they could be executed on the same day and then be pardoned. Those who were pardoned would have their kana removed, and the head of the inspector would give them a eboshi hat taken from his pocket and release them.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

盗犯，私鋳銭などの犯人に釱（かなぎ）と称する首かせをつけて衆人の中に連行し，見せしめとして懲罰を加える儀。平安時代の初頭に始められ，10世紀中ごろの儀によると，5月と12月に日をえらび東市または西市に検非違使庁の看督長（かどのおさ）が囚人を率いて至り，衛門佐以下の官人らが囚人の過状にもとづいて釱を着けさせて獄に送っている。また罪状によっては即日決杖されたのち原免されることもある。服役を免ぜられた者はその釱をはずされ，看督長が懐中より取り出した烏帽子を与え，放還することもあった。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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