Manara in Arabic, minar in Persian, minare in Turkish. A tower attached to a mosque, with a balcony at the top and a spiral staircase inside. It is a place where the call to prayer is made five times a day as part of Islamic religious ceremonies, but it also plays a role in decorating the exterior of the mosque. There are cases where one or two towers are built in pairs, and later there were cases where several towers were built. They are sometimes attached to madrasahs (schools) and tombs. "Manara" has a meaning related to light, and it is said to have originated as a lighthouse, but there are various theories, including a square watchtower from the Roman period in Syria and a fire altar in Iran. In North Africa and Spain, square shapes are common, while in Iran and east, circular and polygonal geometric designs are common, and in Egypt, a circular tower is often built on a square base. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
アラビア語でマナーラ,ペルシア語でミナール,トルコ語でミナーレ。モスクに付属する塔で,上部にバルコニーがつき,内部には螺旋階段がある。イスラムの宗教儀礼として1日5回の礼拝の呼びかけをする場所であるが,実際上モスクの外観を飾る役割も果している。1基から2基1対のもの,その後数基建てる例も現れた。マドラサ (学院) ,墓廟などに付属することもある。「マナーラ」は意味的に光にかかわっており,その起源は灯台であったといわれるが,シリアでのローマ時代の方形望楼,イランでの拝火壇など諸説がある。北アフリカ,スペインでは方形,イラン以東では円形,多角形の幾何学的設計が一般的であり,エジプトでは方形の基部に円塔が載ることが多い。
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