Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner

Japanese: デーベライナー - でーべらいなー(英語表記)Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner
Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner

German chemist. Born into a poor family, he worked as an apprentice at a drug store and a traveling craftsman before working in the manufacture and sale of medicines in 1803. During this time, he self-taught himself in chemistry and mineralogy and published several papers. In 1810, he was invited to become an assistant professor of chemistry and pharmacy at the University of Jena in the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach (professor from 1819), and served the Duchy as a leading scientist and engineer for the rest of his life (counsellor to the Duchy from 1820). In 1817, he pointed out that the equivalent of strontium oxide was equal to the average equivalent of calcium and barium oxides. In 1829, he found this relationship for other groups of elements (triads). This was the first time that the interrelationships of elements were captured in terms of atomic weights (equivalents), and it was the first step towards Mendeleev's later discovery of the periodic law. In 1823, he also used newly prepared platinum powder to oxidize alcohol and hydrogen at room temperature, pioneering an important new field called contact catalysis. This was immediately applied to his own inventions, the "Döbereiner lamp" and the "eudiometer."

[Yoshito Hijioka September 19, 2018]

[Reference] | Periodic law | Mendeleev | Eudiometer

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツの化学者。貧しい家に生まれ、薬種店徒弟、渡り職人を経て、1803年より薬品の製造販売などに従事する。この間化学や鉱物学を独学し、いくつかの論文を発表。1810年ザクセン・ワイマール・アイゼナハ公国イエナ大学の化学・薬学助教授(1819年より教授)に招かれ、終生指導的な科学技術者(1820年より公国顧問官)として公国に尽くした。1817年ストロンチウム酸化物の当量がカルシウムとバリウム酸化物の当量の平均値に等しいことを指摘した。1829年にはこうした関係を他の元素群(三つ組)にもみいだした。これは元素の相互関係を初めて原子量(当量)によってとらえたもので、後のメンデレーエフの周期律発見に向かう第一歩となった。また1823年には新しく製した白金末によってアルコールや水素を常温酸化し、接触触媒反応という重要な新分野を開拓した。これはただちに自らの考案による「デーベライナーの灯」や「ユージオメーター」に応用された。

[肱岡義人 2018年9月19日]

[参照項目] | 周期律 | メンデレーエフ | ユージオメーター

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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