Azoic dyes - azoic colors

Japanese: アゾイック染料 - あぞいっくせんりょう(英語表記)azoic colors
Azoic dyes - azoic colors

This dyeing method creates azo dyes on fibers such as cotton and nylon, and is also called naphthol dyes or ice dyes. First, a grounding agent that has dye-adhesive properties is applied to the fibers in an alkaline solution. The grounding agent is colorless to pale yellow, and naphthol AS is a typical example. If the fibers dyed with the grounding agent are treated with a diazonium salt of an aromatic amine (developer) while cooling them on ice in an acid bath, a water-insoluble azo dye is immediately synthesized on the fibers and develops color. Depending on the combination of grounding agent and developer, colors ranging from yellow to green and even black can be developed. Grounding agents synthesized from 2-hydroxynaphthoic acid are used for orange to red and deeper colors, while naphthol AS-G (N,N'-bisacetoacetyltolidine) is used for yellow colors. Azoic dyes are bright, deep, and relatively fast to light. They also produce water-insoluble pigments that are fast to washing, making them durable and used for a variety of dyeing applications. However, they have the drawback of being somewhat weak in terms of fastness to rubbing. They also have the drawback of having to use the aromatic amine developer, which is diazotized with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid. An improvement over this is Fast Salt, which is a diazonium salt of an aromatic amine developer stabilized with zinc chloride, and its use makes it possible to omit the diazotization process. The stabilized diazonium salt is mixed with a grounding agent and made into a powder called Rapidogen. This is made into a paste, printed on cotton, and then treated with hydrochloric acid to develop color. Azoic dyes are also used as pigments, in which case they are called azoic pigments.

[Tobita Mitsuhiko]

[Reference item] | Azo dye | Dye
Synthesis of azo dyes
©Shogakukan ">

Synthesis of azo dyes


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

木綿やナイロンなどの繊維上で、アゾ染料をつくる染色法で、ナフトール染料、氷染(ひょうせん)染料ともいう。まず繊維に染着性を有する下漬(したづけ)剤をアルカリ溶液から繊維に染めておく。下漬剤は無色から淡黄色のもので、ナフトールASが代表的である。下漬剤で染めた繊維を酸性浴中で氷冷しながら芳香族アミン(顕色(けんしょく)剤)のジアゾニウム塩で処理すれば、ただちに水不溶性のアゾ色素が繊維上で合成され発色する。下漬剤と顕色剤の組合せにより、黄色から緑、さらには黒までの発色が可能である。橙(だいだい)色から赤色、さらに深い色には2-ヒドロキシナフトエ酸から合成される下漬剤が用いられるが、黄色の発色にはナフトールAS-G(N,N'-ビスアセトアセチルトリジン)が用いられる。アゾイック染料は鮮明で、濃色かつ耐光堅牢(けんろう)度も比較的に高く、水に不溶性の色素を生成するので洗濯堅牢度も高いことから、じょうぶで多様な染色に利用されている。しかし、摩擦堅牢度に若干弱い欠点がある。また、顕色剤である芳香族アミンを亜硝酸ナトリウムと塩酸でジアゾ化して用いなければならない欠点がある。この改良としてファストソルトがある。これは顕色剤である芳香族アミンのジアゾニウム塩を塩化亜鉛で安定化したもので、これを用いれば、ジアゾ化の処理を省くことができる。安定化したジアゾニウム塩と下漬剤を混合して粉末としたものをラピドーゲンという。これをペースト状にして、木綿に捺染(なっせん)後、塩酸処理すれば発色する。アゾイック染料は顔料にも用いられ、この場合にはアゾイック顔料という。

[飛田満彦]

[参照項目] | アゾ染料 | 染料
アゾ色素の合成
©Shogakukan">

アゾ色素の合成


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