Desnos - Robert Desnos

French poet. He participated in the Surrealist movement, and showed unusual mediumistic abilities in the mass hypnosis experiments led by Breton. He also showed a talent for automatic wordplay in his poetry collections such as Rose Serabi (1922) and Mourning for Mourning (1924). He eventually became attracted to folk language and classical poetic techniques, and left Surrealism to establish a fantastic style of poetry filled with lyricism and humor, while also working in new fields such as radio and film. His other works include the prose Liberty or Love (1927), which advocated absolute sexual freedom, and the poetry collections Corps et Bien (1930) and Fortunes (1942). During World War II, he participated in the anti-German resistance movement and secretly published resistance poems, but he was arrested by the Gestapo and died of illness in a concentration camp in Czechoslovakia.

[Junichi Tanaka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

フランスの詩人。シュルレアリスム運動に参加、ブルトンの主宰する集団催眠の実験では特異な霊媒的資質を発揮し、『ローズ・セラビィ』（1922）、『喪のための喪』（1924）などの詩集で自動記述的なことば遊びの才能をみせた。やがて民衆言語や古典的詩法にひかれ、シュルレアリスムを離れ、叙情とユーモアをたたえた幻想的詩風を確立するとともに、ラジオや映画などの新分野でも活躍。ほかに性の絶対的自由を唱えた散文『自由か愛か』（1927）、詩集『肉体と財』Corps et Bien（1930）、『財産』Fortunes（1942）などがある。第二次世界大戦中は対独抵抗運動に加わり、抵抗詩を秘密出版したが、ゲシュタポに逮捕されてチェコスロバキアの収容所で病死した。

［田中淳一］

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