German organic chemist. Born January 23rd in Hamburg. Studied chemistry in Berlin and obtained his doctorate (1899). He studied under E. Fischer, and was an associate professor at the University of Berlin (1914) and a professor at the University of Kiel (1916-1948). His main achievements include: (1) the discovery of carbon suboxide by hydrogenation of malonic acid and its properties (1906); (2) the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons such as cholesterol and bile acids with selenium, leading to Diels's hydrocarbon C 18 H 16 (1935), which contributed to the study of the structure of the carbon skeleton of sterol; (3) the perfection of the method of diene synthesis known as the Diels-Alder reaction (which he began researching with his student Alder in 1928), which helped to clarify the properties of addition reactions, synthesize cyclic compounds, and develop methods for analytically measuring conjugated double bonds. This led to the development of various polymerizations and the chemical and perfume industries, and in 1950 he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Alder. He died in Kiel on March 7th. [Atsuko Iwata February 18, 2019] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの有機化学者。1月23日ハンブルクの生まれ。ベルリンで化学を学び学位取得(1899)、E・フィッシャーに学び、ベルリン大学準教授(1914)、キール大学教授(1916~1948)。おもな業績には以下のようなものがある。(1)マロン酸の水素化による亜酸化炭素の発見とその性質について(1906)、(2)コレステリンや胆汁酸など炭化水素をセレンにより脱水素し、ディールスの炭化水素C18H16を導き(1935)、ステリンの炭素骨格の構造研究に貢献、(3)ディールス‐アルダー反応として知られるジエン合成(1928年より弟子アルダーとともに研究着手)の方法を大成し、付加反応の性質の解明や、環状化合物の合成や、共役二重結合を分析的に測定する方法に役だてた。これによって、各種の重合が行われ、化学工業や香料工業の発達が促され、1950年、アルダーとともにノーベル化学賞を受けた。3月7日、キールで没した。 [岩田敦子 2019年2月18日] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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