Shell craft - Kaizaiku

Japanese: 貝細工 - かいざいく
Shell craft - Kaizaiku

It refers to the practice of making various patterns, ornaments, utensils, etc. from shells, and to the crafts made from these. It is said that shell crafts began as souvenirs for pilgrimages to Enoshima at the end of the Edo period, when Enoshima inns began offering guests shells to take home from their meals, which became popular. At first, shell crafts were only made within the home, but gradually they were commercialized, and a considerable amount of products were made to meet demand. From the end of the Taisho period to the beginning of the Showa period, machines were introduced and mass production began, selling well at souvenir shops. After the war, they even began to be exported.

A distinctive feature of shell crafts is that each technique is completely divided into separate tasks, rather than the crafting process being viewed as a whole. For example, some craftsmen only do carving, others only do polishing, or only perform the technique of gluing a few types of shells together. Products range from interior decorations to accessories and everyday items (blue shell lacquerware, dolls, figurines of animals, flowers, and birds, accessories such as compacts, earrings, necklaces, rings, and cufflinks, and everyday items such as candy bowls and trays). Currently, as a large amount of shells is required, the shells used as materials are imported from all over the world. Some factories have also relocated due to dust pollution during processing.

[Mitsuo Akiyama]

Shell-crafted trivet
Shell crafts are used for interior decoration, accessories, daily necessities, etc. ©Shogakukan ">

Shell-crafted trivet


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

貝殻で種々の模様や装飾品、器具などをつくること、およびその細工物をいう。江戸末期、江の島の旅籠(はたご)が料理に出した貝の殻を、客に持たせて帰らせ人気を集めたことから、江の島参詣(さんけい)の土産(みやげ)品として、貝細工が始まったといわれている。当初は家内的に加工されていたにすぎなかったが、しだいに商品化され、需要に伴い相当量の製品がつくられるようになった。大正末期から昭和の初期になると、機械が導入され大量に生産され、土産品店で大いに売られるようになった。戦後には輸出もされるまでになった。

 貝細工の特徴は、細工の工程を全体でとらえるというのではなく、それぞれの技術が完全に分業されていることである。たとえば、ある業者は彫りのみ、またある業者は磨きだけであったり、あるいは数種の寄せた貝の接着技術しか行わないというところにある。製品は、室内装飾品から装身具、日用品まで多種にわたっている(青貝蒔絵(まきえ)、人形、動物・花・鳥などの置物、コンパクト、イヤリング、ネックレス、指輪、カフスボタンなどの装身具、菓子鉢、盆などの日用品)。現在は、大量に貝を必要とするため、材料となる貝殻は世界各地から輸入している。また加工時における粉塵(ふんじん)公害のため、工場を移転したところもある。

[秋山光男]

貝細工の鍋敷き
貝細工は室内装飾品のほか、アクセサリーや日用品などにも使われている©Shogakukan">

貝細工の鍋敷き


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