Linear Function - 1 hour function

Japanese: 一次関数 - いちじかんすう
Linear Function - 1 hour function

A function expressed as y = ax + b (a ≠ 0) where a and b are constants. In particular, if the constant b is 0, y is proportional (directly proportional) to x. The constant term b represents the value of y when the value of x is 0. In addition, for the coefficient a of x, if the values ​​of y corresponding to any values ​​of x, x1 and x2 ( x1x2 ), are y1 and y2 , respectively, then a is always a=(y2 - y1 )/( x2 - x1 )
The right-hand side of this equation is called the "rate of change" (average rate of change) of the increase in y relative to the increase in x. In other words, in a linear function, the rate of change is constant and its value is equal to a.

The set of points (x, y) that satisfy the equation y = ax + b (a ≠ 0), in other words, the graph of this linear function is a straight line that passes through two points (0, b) and (1, a + b). If this line is l, then l is not parallel to either the x-axis or the y-axis. Furthermore, l slopes upward to the right when a is positive (slower to the right when a is negative), which corresponds to the fact that as x increases, y always increases (always decreases). a is called the slope (gradient) of the line l, and b is called the intercept (y-intercept). l can be thought of as the graph of y = ax translated by b along the y-axis, or -b/a along the x-axis.

Also, if the angle that l makes with the positive direction of the x-axis is α, then a=tanα holds. For example, if the speed of sound in air at a temperature of x℃ is y meters per second, then y=0.6x+331 holds approximately. This is the relationship of a linear function.

[Tsuneo Uetake]

[Reference item] | Linear equation
Graph of the linear function y = ax + b (a ≠ 0)
©Shogakukan ">

Graph of the linear function y = ax + b (a ≠ 0)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

a、bを定数とするときy=ax+b(a≠0)で表される関数をいう。とくに、定数bが0であれば、yはxに比例(正比例)する。定数項bは、xの値が0のときのyの値を表す。また、xの係数aについては、任意のxの値x1、x2(x1≠x2)に対応するyの値をそれぞれy1、y2とすれば、つねに
  a=(y2-y1)/(x2-x1)
が成り立つ。この右辺は、yの増加量の、xの増加量に対する「変化の割合」(平均変化率)とよばれる。すなわち、一次関数では、変化の割合が一定で、その値はaに等しい。

 方程式y=ax+b(a≠0)を満たす点(x,y)の集合、すなわち、この一次関数のグラフは2点(0,b)、(1,a+b)を通る直線である。この直線をlとすれば、lはx軸にもy軸にも平行でない。また、lはaが正のときは右上がり(負のときは右下がり)となり、このことは、xが増加すれば、yがつねに増加する(つねに減少する)ことに相当する。aは直線lの傾き(勾配(こうばい))、bは切片(せっぺん)(y切片)とよばれる。lはy=axのグラフを、y軸の方向にbだけ平行移動したもの、あるいはx軸の方向に-b/aだけ平行移動したものと考えられる。

 また、lがx軸の正の方向とでつくる角をαとすればa=tanαが成り立つ。たとえば、気温x℃のときの空気中の音の速さを毎秒yメートルとすれば、だいたいy=0.6x+331が成り立つ。これは一次関数の関係となっている。

[植竹恒男]

[参照項目] | 一次方程式
一次関数y=ax+b(a≠0)のグラフ
©Shogakukan">

一次関数y=ax+b(a≠0)のグラフ


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Ichijikinrin - One character golden wheel

>>:  One character writing - ichijikakidashi

Recommend

Chitarrone (English spelling)

A type of stringed instrument in the lute family. ...

Onmeimon-in

Year of death: September 18, 1st year of Kangen (N...

Dictyosiphonales

...However, there are no septa separating the cel...

Anderson, A.

…The world's largest shipping company, with t...

Lake Vättern (English spelling)

Sweden's second largest lake, with an area of ...

hypopus

…Acarid mites generally consist of five stages: e...

Norlund, E.

…Next, the relationship obtained from the definit...

Goban Tadanobu - Goban Tadanobu

[Noun] A general term for the joruri and kabuki pl...

Spiral curve - Spiral curve

A special curve in a track to avoid the severe sh...

Dithionous acid - adithionsan (English spelling)

The chemical formula is H 2 S 2 O 4 . It was previ...

Review - Hyobanki

Books that reviewed various things during the Edo...

Dashtī, `Alī

Born: 1896. Karbala, Iraq [Died] 1982 Iranian writ...

Gengo Ohtaka

1672-1703 A samurai from the early Edo period. Bo...

Vietnamese

…In Chinese characters, they are written as Yuen ...

final products

…In addition, oil consumed by households for heat...