Tiahuanaco Culture - Tiahuanaco

Japanese: ティアワナコ文化 - てぃあわなこぶんか(英語表記)Tiahuanaco
Tiahuanaco Culture - Tiahuanaco

An ancient culture that flourished in Tiahuanaco on the southeast shore of Lake Titicaca in the Bolivian highlands from just before the Christian era until the end of the 12th century. It is divided into five phases, beginning with the late formative period of Andean civilization, with the third and fourth phases corresponding to the Classic period. Tiahuanaco was a large ceremonial center consisting of a 180m x 135m platform called Calasasaya and an associated 30m square semi-underground temple, with stone structures, earthen pyramids, and numerous monoliths at its center. In recent years, it has been pointed out that there are remains of dwellings in the surrounding area. The influence of the Tiahuanaco culture extended throughout the Bolivian highlands and into the Atacama region in northern Chile.

Representative pottery items include painted open-mouthed cup-shaped vessels and incense burners decorated with the heads of pumas and condors. The puma and condor motifs that appeared on pottery and the god statues carved into the monolithic Gate of the Sun spread to central Peru from the 7th century, giving rise to various styles such as Conchopata and Robles Moco, but shortly thereafter an urban civilization similar to Tiahuanaco arose, centered around the Wari, and spread throughout Peru.

[Yoshiro Masuda]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

西暦紀元直前から12世紀末まで、ボリビア高原ティティカカ湖南東岸のティアワナコに栄えた古代文化。アンデス文明の形成期後期にあたる時代から始まって五つの相に分けられるが、その第3、第4相が古典期に対応する。ティアワナコは、カラササーヤという180メートル×135メートルの基壇およびそれに付属した30メートル平方の半地下式神殿を中心に、石造建造物や土のピラミッド、多くのモノリットなどを配して構成された大祭祀(さいし)センターであった。最近では、周囲に住居址(し)があることも指摘されている。ティアワナコ文化の影響は、ボリビア高原一帯およびチリ北部のアタカマ地方にまで及んだ。

 土器は、口の開いたコップ形の彩色容器や、ピューマやコンドルの頭をつけた香炉が代表的である。土器に現れたピューマ、コンドルの文様や、一枚石でつくられた太陽の門に刻まれた神像は、7世紀からペルー中部に広まり、コンチョパタ、ロブレス・モコなどの各様式を生んだが、その後まもなくしてワリを中心に類ティアワナコ的な性格の都市文明が興り、それがペルー全土に拡大するに至った。

[増田義郎]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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