Akebia japonica - Akebia japonica

Japanese: ツチアケビ - つちあけび
Akebia japonica - Akebia japonica

A perennial plant of the orchid family (APG classification: Orchidaceae). It is a type of saprophytic orchid, and is brown all over. It has a thick and long rhizome. The stem is thick and upright, 0.5 to 1 meter tall, and has scaly leaves here and there. From June to August, the branched inflorescence produces many yellowish-brown flowers, each about 2 cm in diameter. The ovary is not twisted, and the lip petal is on top. There is no spur. The fruit is fleshy, red, and conspicuous. It mainly grows symbiotically with armillaria mushrooms under deciduous forests, and is distributed from Hokkaido to Kyushu. The name comes from the fact that the shape of the fruit resembles that of the akebia, and means akebia that grows above ground. In Chinese medicine, the fruit is called dotsuusou and is used as a tonic and aphrodisiac.

The genus Erythrorchis is characterized by its powdery, bifid pollen masses, fleshy, indehiscent fruits, and rarely winged capsules, and there are about 20 species found mainly in the tropical regions of Asia, Africa, and Europe. In addition to this species, Erythrorchis altissima (Bl.) Bl. ( G. altissima (Bl.) Rchb.f.), a climbing orchid, was thought to be distributed in southern Kyushu and Okinawa, but is now a separate genus.

[Ken Inoue May 21, 2019]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ラン科(APG分類:ラン科)の多年草。腐生ランの一種で、全体が褐色である。太くて長い根茎がある。茎は太く直立し、高さ0.5~1メートル、ところどころに鱗片葉(りんぺんよう)がある。6~8月、分枝した花序に黄褐色で径2センチメートルほどの花を多数開く。子房はねじれず唇弁が上にくる。距(きょ)はない。果実は肉質で赤くなり、目だつ。おもに落葉樹林下にナラタケと共生し、北海道から九州に分布する。名は、果実の形がアケビに似ており、地上に生えるアケビの意味。漢方では果実を土通草(どつうそう)と称し、強壮・強精剤として用いる。

 ツチアケビ属は花粉塊が粉質で二分裂し、果実は肉質の不裂開果、まれに翼のある蒴果(さくか)であるなどの点で特徴づけられ、アジア、アフリカ、ヨーロッパの熱帯を中心に約20種ある。日本には本種のほかに、つる性のタカツルラン(ツルツチアケビ)Erythrorchis altissima (Bl.) Bl.〔G. altissima (Bl.) Rchb.f.〕が九州南部、沖縄に分布するとされたが、現在は属が分けられている。

[井上 健 2019年5月21日]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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