Hokuteki

A derogatory term for the ancient northern tribes of China. Also written as Bei Di. Di was called Yi Di or Rong Di, and was a term referring to foreign tribes, but later became a general term for the northern tribes as Bei Di. Its origins are said to be the Guifang, who were active during the Yin and Zhou dynasties, or a Turkic tribe. During the Spring and Autumn period, they were active in Shaanxi and Shanxi, and split into tribes such as Chi Di, Baidi, and Changdi, and advanced into the Central Plains. In the early Spring and Autumn period, the story of Wei being destroyed by the Di and then restored by Duke Huan of Qi is well known. In addition, the states of Xianyu and Zhongshan, which advanced into Hebei during the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period, are said to have been established by Di.

[Akira Utsugi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国の古代北方異民族の蔑称(べっしょう)。北翟とも書く。狄は夷狄(いてき)とか戎狄(じゅうてき)とよばれ、異民族をさす語であったが、のち北狄として北方民族の専称となった。その起源は殷(いん)・周時代に活躍した鬼方(きほう)であるとか、あるいはトルコ種の部族だとかいわれる。春秋時代には陝西(せんせい)、山西方面で活躍し、赤狄、白狄、長狄などの諸部族に分かれて中原(ちゅうげん)にも進出した。春秋前期、衛が狄のため滅ぼされ、斉(せい)の桓公(かんこう)がこれを復興した話は名高い。また春秋戦国時代に河北に進出した鮮虞(せんぐ)や中山(ちゅうざん)国は狄のたてた国家といわれる。

［宇都木章］

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